Vol. 59.] FOSSIL FLORA OF THE CUMBERLAND COALFIELD. 



21 



unconformity, if present, between the two, does not mark any 

 considerable interval in geological time, during which there was a 

 cessation of deposition, and a period of erosion. The following table 

 summarizes the main conclusions arrived at : — 



The Age of the Upper Carboniferous Beds of Cumberland, 

 based on Palseoritological Evidence. 



System. 



i i 



Series. Stage. 



| 



Tli icTcness 

 in feet. 



Petroloc/ical 

 Character. 



1 Palceon- 



1 tological ! Horizon. 



j Evidence, j 



Pebmian. 



j Brockram. 





20 



Red breccia. 





Lr. Permian. 



/ 



j Sandstone 



Upper 



4-18 



Red& 



Spirorbis- 



? Transition 





Series 



Division. 



purple 

 sandstone. 



Limestone 

 (Brockbank 



Coal- 



Measures. 





1 (White- 









1891). 





haven 















{ Sandstone 



Lower 



200 



Red or grey 



Middle 

 Coal- 

 Measure 



^ 



Upper 



in part). 



Division. 



at least. 



sandstone. 



i 



600 feet at 









flora. 





Caeboni-i 



least. [ 











Middle 







Upper 



450 



Dark- 



Middle 



Coal- 



FEROUS. 





j Division, 



at least 



coloured 



Coal- 



: Measures. 







1 including 



j" William 



shales and 



Measure 







' Productive 



j Bannock 



Pit, 



coal. 



flora. 







Measures. < 



and Main 



j Bands. 



White- 

 haven]. 







i 



• 



? 1300 feet, 











? Lower Coal- 







(?) Lower 



(?) 



(?) 



— 



Measures, and 



V 



V 



1 Division. 



1 









Millstone 

 Grit. 



In conclusion, I wish to express my great indebtedness to Mr. 

 P. L. Addison, F.G.S., of Bigrigg, for the kindness with which he 

 obtained for me every facility for the collection of specimens in 

 the field, and for special help in many directions. I am also under 

 obligations to Mr. Eobert Kidston, F.K.S., who has most kindly 

 given me the benefit of his opinion on special points of identification. 

 I should also like to take this opportunity of expressing my thanks 

 to many Fellows of the Geological Society, who have kindly answered 

 enquiries, and given me information concerning . the Cumberland 

 District. 



V. Bibliography. 



Binney, E. W. (55). ' On the Permian Beds of the North-west of England ' Mem. 



Lit. & Phil. Soc. Manch. ser. 2, vol. xii, p. 209. 1855. 

 Brockbank, W. (91). ' On the Occunence of the Peruvians, &c. in the Whitehaven 



District ' Mem. & Proc. Lit. & Phil. Soc. Manch. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 418. 1891. 

 Dunn, M. (60). 'The Coalfields of Cumberland, &c.' Trans. N. Engl. Inst. Min. & 



Mech. Eng. vol. viii, p. 141. 1860. 

 Gibson, Walcot (01). ' On the Character of the Upper Coal-Measures of North 



Staffordshire, &c.' Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. lvii, p. 251. 1901. 

 Good-child, J. G. (n. d.). 'The Victoria History of the County of Cumberland 



vol. i, n. d. (? 1901), Nat. Hist.— Geol. Section, p. 1. 

 Holmes, T. V. (83). 'Notes on the Geology of Cumberland, North of the Lake 



District ' Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. vii, p. 404. 1883. 



