88 .MR. e. t. newton on [Feb. 1903, 



portions of antlers and skulls from the Cromer Forest-Bed, two of 

 which had already been described an Cervus latifrons by Randall 

 Johnson. 1 These specimens are distinguished from Alces machlis 

 chiefly by the greater width of the frontals and the more elongated 

 beam. Only one or two of these fossils show the commencement of 

 the palmation, and the form of the antler is therefore unknown. 

 These remains are the more interesting as showing the existence of an 

 elk-like mammal in the Cromer Forest-Bed, which some of us regard 

 as the latest stage of British Pliocene deposits. 



The elk of Europe and moose of North America being regarded as 

 one species (Alces machlis), its distribution at the present day is 

 exceedingly wide in both the Old and New Worlds. In the former 

 it is known in Scandinavia, Russia, Poland, Prussia, and Lithuania, 

 extending as far north as the limit of arboreal vegetation ; it is also 

 found in Siberia and Tartary, as well as in the deserts of Altai and 

 Baikal. Iu North America, it seems to have been found living very 

 generally in suitable localities between the latitudes of 43° and 70° N., 

 but not quite so far south on the eastern side of the continent as on 

 the western. Unhappily, this interesting animal has been com- 

 pletely exterminated from certain localities, where formerly it was 

 very abundant. 



Records of British Fossil Elk-Remains. 



1832. Meteb, Hermann von. ' Cervus alces fossilis (Fossiles Elenn).' Nova 



Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Cav. vol. xvi, p. 471. 

 1837. Thompson, W. [' Notes relating chiefly to the Natural History of Ireland.'] 



Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 53. 

 1847. Maxwell, W. H. ' Hill-side & Border Sketches ' 8vo, London, vol. i, p. 317. 



1860. Hardy, James. ' On Fossil Antlers ot the Roebuck & Gigantic Irish Elk, 

 found at Coldingham in 1859.' Proc. Berwickshire Nat. Club [1863] p. 206. 



1861. Howse, Richard. 'Notes on the Fossil Remains of some Recent & Extinct 

 Mammalia found in the Counties of Northumberland & Durham.' Trans. Tyne- 

 side Nat. Field-Club, vol. v (1863) p. 113 & pi. v. 



1861. Bateman, Thomas. 'Ten Years' Diggings in Celtic & Saxon Grave-Hills 

 in the Counties of Derbj r , Stafford, & York ' p. 298. 



1862. Smith, James. 'Researches in Newer Pliocene & Post-Tertiary Geology' 

 Glasgow, p. 42. 



1864. Lartet, Edouard, & H. Christy. ' Sur des Figm^es d'Animaux Gravees 

 ou Sculptees, &c.' Revue Archeologique, n. s. vol. ix (1864) p. 250 footnote. 



1868. ' Alces.' The Elk. ' Land & Water ' vol. v, no. 119, p. 233. 



1869. Owen, Richard. ' Note on the Occurrence of Remains of the Elk {Alces 

 palmatus) in British Post-Tertiary Deposits.' Geol. Mag. vol. vi, p. 389. 



1869. Tindall, Edward. ' Remarks on the Extinct Fauna of the East Riding of 

 Yorkshire. Proc. Geol. & Polytechn. Soc. Yorks. vol. v (1870) p. 7. 



1872. Smith, John Alexander. ' Notice of the Discovery of Remains of the Elk 

 {Cervus alces, Linn., Alces malchis, Gray) in Berwickshire; with Notes of its 

 Occurrence in the British Islands, more particularly in Scotland, &c.' Proc. Soc. 

 Antiq. Scot. vol. ix, p. 297. 



1876. Young, John. [Abstract of a paper on the Existence of the Elk {Alces 

 malchis, Grav) in Scotland.] Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, vol. ii, p. 176. 

 [Read Nov. 25th, 1871.] 



1 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xiii (1874) p. 1. 



