122 PROF. W. BOYD DAWKINS ON A PLIOCENE [May I9O3, 



Range of Mammalia in Britain and the Continent. 



Cavern at Doveholes. 



Maohairodus crenatidens 



Hyeena 



Mastodon arvernensis .. 

 Elcphas meridionalis .. 



Rhinoceros etruscus 



Eqims Stenonis 



Cervus etueriarvm (?) .. 



Upper 

 Pliocene Strata. 





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Val d'Arno. 

 Bed Crag. 



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The mammalia of Doveholes belong therefore to the Mastodon- 

 arvernensis fauna of the British and Continental Pliocene strata, and 

 are clearly defined from that of the Pleistocene age, not only by 

 the presence of characteristic Pliocene forms, but by the*absence of 

 those which came into Europe at the beginning of the Pleistocene, 

 such as the cave-bear, the mammoth, the woolly rhinoceros, 

 and the living Palsearctic species. In the Forest-Bed this latter 

 group is associated with species which survived the change in 

 environment that took place at the close of the Pliocene age. 

 There is no such association of Pliocene with later types to be found 

 in the Upper Pliocene deposits of Prance and Germany, as may be 

 seen from the lists published in Appendix III of my work on ' Early 

 Man in Britain,' and in those of Dr. Forsyth Major, published in 

 the Quarterly Journal of this Society. The El&phas meridionalis, 

 Rhinoceros etruscus, and Equus Stenonis of the cave at Doveholes, 

 are among these survivors in the Forest-Bed ; but it does not, there- 

 fore, follow that they establish a correlation between the cave at 

 Doveholes and the Forest-Bed, which contains a fauna not as 

 yet found anywhere in association with Mastodon arvernensis. 

 The presence in this fauna of cave-bear, mammoth, Irish elk, stag, 

 roe, urus, musk-sheep, horse, and wild boar, prevents me from 

 accepting the view of Mr. E. T. Newton and Mr. Clement Reid, that 

 the Forest-Bed belongs to the same period as the Upper Pliocene 

 Series of Auvergne and the Val d'Arno. 1 It belongs, as Lyell 

 pointed out in his ' Antiquity of Man,' in 1863 (pp. 211 et seqq.), 

 to a later period — when the mammalia were migrating from 

 Northern Asia into Europe in the pre-Glacial or early stage of the 

 Pleistocene Period. 2 



i Clement Keid, ' Pliocene Deposits of Britain' Mem. Geol. Surv. (1890) 

 pp. 222-23. 



2 This question has been fully discussed in my work on ' Early Man in 

 Britain ' 1880, chapters v & vi. 



