Vol. 59.] OSSIFEROUS CAVERN AT DOVEHOLES. 129 



IX. Conclusion. 



It remains now to sum up the general results of this discovery. 

 It has added one species, Machairodus crenatidens, to the Upper 

 Pliocene fauna of Britain, leaving out of account Oervus etueriarum. 

 It has not added to our knowledge of the distribution of Upper 

 Pliocene land and sea, but it has confirmed the conclusions arrived 

 at on other evidence. It is the only Pliocene cave yet discovered in 

 Europe, and is the only evidence as yet available of the existence of 

 the Upper Pliocene bone-caves, which, from the nature of the case, 

 must have been as abundant in Europe as those of the succeeding 

 Pleistocene Age. Prom this point of view it offers a striking 

 illustration of the fragmentary nature of the geological record, and 

 of the general effect of denudation on the surface of the land. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES VIII-XII. 



[All the specimens figured are from Doveholes, unless otherwise stated, and 

 are deposited in the Manchester Museum, Owens College.] \ 



Plate VIII. 



Fig. 1. Upper canine of Machairodus crenatidens, nat. size : a = serration 



magnified. 

 Figs. 2 & 3. Left upper carnassials of M. crenatidens, nat. size. 

 Fig. 4. Left upper carnassials of M. crenatidens, from the Val d'Arno : nat. 



size. 

 5. Upper milk-tusk of Mastodon arvernensis, nat. size. 



Plate IX. 

 Fig. 1. Upper canine of Machairodus crenatidens, nat. size. 



2. Outer view of lower milk-tusk of Mastodon arvernensis, nat. size. 



3. Outer view of upper milk-tusk of M. arvernensis, nat. size. 



4. Outer view of upper milk-tusk of M. arvernensis, nat. size. 



5. Lower milk-molar 3 of M. arvernensis, from the Crag of Norfolk : nat. 



J- JjATJi A. 



Fig. 1. Last upper milk-molar of Mastodon arvernensis, unworn, nat. size 



2. Last upper milk-molar of M. arvernensis, worn, nat. size, (d == ti 



3. Lower milk-molar of M. arvernensis, nat. size 



Plate X. 



irvemensis, unworn, nat. siz 



talon.) 



~~^*i^.. WJ _ +.,j_ , W / L/C// /tZ/tt>OVD 9 lACLll, OlZit/. 



4. Section of molar of Elephas meridionalis, nat. size, (a - enamel ; 

 b = dentine ; c = cement.) 



Plate XL 

 Fig. 1. Tibia of Machairodus crenatidens, ± nat. size, (a, a = tooth-marks.) 



2. Left lower true molar 2 of Mastodon arvernensis, % nat. size, (a — 



ridges ; b — secondary cusps ; c = valleys ; d — talon.) 



3. Humerus of Mastodon arvernensis (?), gnawed by hysena : | nat. size 



4. Femur of Machairodus crenatidens, gnawed by hyama : f nat. size. 



Plate XII. 

 Figs. 1, 2 & 3. Upper molar of Equus Stenonis, nat. size. 



4, 5 & 6. Upper^ molar of E. caballus, from the Pleistocene of Creswel) 

 Crags, nat. size, (a = columella.) 



