i2o PROFESSOR OWEN ch. iv. 



partially adorned with it, and it was a curious 

 fact that even very young whales had mustachios 

 and whiskers. Again, all Mammalia had a com- 

 plex heart, with ventricles and auricles, which 

 received and circulated the blood. No other 

 animals but those belonging to the class Mam- 

 malia had a diaphragm. Cuvier had pointed 

 out some other characteristics ; but there were 

 in his system some apparent anomalies, such as 

 ranking the mole higher than the lynx, the bat 

 above the dog, and even the duck mole of 

 Australia he placed above the elephant. 



He (Owen) himself, from the examination he 

 had made, arrived at the conviction that there 

 were two or three, or perhaps four, well-marked 

 steps in the development of the brain, and that 

 the brain was the organ on the modifications and 

 differences in the structure of which the Mam- 

 malia should be divided. There were in all Mam- 

 malia the little brain, or cerebellum, the optic 

 lobes, in which the nerves going to the eye were 

 chiefly rooted, the cerebral hemisphere, and 

 the olfactory lobes, with which the nerves of 

 smell were connected. In all the cold-blooded 

 vertebrates, in reptiles, fishes, and birds, the cere- 

 bral hemispheres were almost quite detached, 

 there being nothing between them except a little 

 cord, and this was the case with a certain por- 

 tion of the Mammalia, which were called loose- 

 brained, or, as Professor Sedgwick had quaintly 



