1. Callitris. PINACEAE. 45 



Subdivision 1 .— G YMNOSPERMS. 



Seeds naked, that is to say, not enclosed in a pericarp, nor is the ovule enclosed in an 

 ovary ; hence there is no style or stigma ; cotyledons 2 or more. Flowers incomplete, 

 consisting of stamens and ovules, without ovary, style, or floral envelope. 



Family 12.— PINACEAE. 



Flowers unisexual, the males in catkins, the females usually in catkins or cones ; no 

 real perianth ; stamens consisting of scales, each bearing 2 or more anther-cells ; female 

 catkins composed of scales, with 1 or several naked ovules within each scale ; fruit a cone, 

 formed of the hardened scales ; seeds albuminous, with crustaceous testa ; cotyledons 

 2-15. Comprises several important genera of trees, such as Pinus (the Pine), Abies (the 

 Fir), Cupressus (the Cypress) ; also the Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria excelsa) and the 

 Bunya-bunya (A. Bidwillii). 



1. CALLITRIS, Vent. 



(Greek hallos, beautiful ; treis, three ; on account of the symmetrical arrangement of 



the leaves.) 

 Flowers monoecious ; male catkins cylindrical ; anther-cells 2-4 ; female catkins 

 usually of 6 scales arranged in 2 whorls, with several erect ovules within each scale ; 

 fruiting cone consisting of the 6 enlarged and hardened scales (valves) shortly united at 

 the base and apparently arranged in 1 whorl ; seeds compressed, hard, with usually 2 

 small wings ; cotyledons 2, rarely 3 ; leaves usually in whorls of 3, in the young plant 

 free, but soon becoming adherent to, or decurrent on the stem or branch, so that only 

 the scale-like tip of the linear leaf remains free. Resinous trees or shrubs. 

 A. Cones smooth or slightly wrinkled or warted. 

 B. Valves without a conical protuberance. 



Ripe cones 2^-3 cm. long G. robusta 1. 



Ripe cones scarcely 1£ cm. long G. Drummondii 2. 



B. Valves with a conical protuberance C. cupressiformis 3. 



A. Cones densely warted G. verrucosa 4. 



1. C. robusta, R. Br. Murray Pine. Small or large tree with spreading branches 

 and dark-green leaves ; fruiting cones globular or ovoid, 2J-3 cm. long, smooth or slightly 

 wrinkled and sometimes with a few warts on the back of the valves. — G. propinqua, R. Br. 



Most parts of the State, August-October. 



2. C. Drummondii (Parlat.), Benth. et Hook. Tree or shrub; leaves light-green; 

 fruiting cones globular, under 1^ cm. long, smooth and shining, but the valves sometimes 

 bearing a minute protuberance or spur on the back ; cones almost tapering into the 

 peduncles, which are often rather long. 



Arno Bay, E. P. ; also in Western Australia. Sept. -Dec. 



3. C. cupressiformis, Vent. Shrub or small tree, with usually erect branches. Occurs 

 here only in the var. tasmanica, Benth., which has globular cones less than 1J cm. long, 

 the valves usually wrinkled and each provided with a spur surpassing the summit proper ; 

 columella 3-lobed (in the other species the columella is a simple 3-sided protuberance 

 rising from the interior base of the cone) ; leaves dark-green, the branchlets deeply 

 furrowed between them 



Gullies near Adelaide ; Clarendon; Kangaroo Island. Aug. -Oct. 



4. C. verrucosa, R. Br. Shrub inhabiting dry country, sometimes under 2 m. in height ; 

 fruiting cones subglobular, slightly over 2 cm. long, densely warted. 



Scrub on eastern side of River Murray ; 90-Mile Desert ; near Ooldea. Aug. -Oct. 



Subdivision 2.—ANGIOSPERMS. 



Plants which have the ovules enclosed in an ovary and later on the seeds enclosed in a 

 seed vessel or pericarp. The pollen-grains (microspores) produced in the anther-cell, are 

 conveyed to the stigma or receptive summit of the ovary, penetrate the stigma and style 

 by means of a pollen-tube, which pushes its way downwards into the cavity of the ovary 

 and enters the ovule usually through the micropyle or small door at its summit. The 

 ovule contains within its coverings the embryo-sac (macrospore). One of the 2 spermatic 

 nuclei which have descended the pollentube fertilises the nucleus of the egg-cell within 

 the embryo-sac, and the egg-cell develops into the embryo or young plant. 



Class I.— MONOCOTYLEDONS. 

 Plants in which the germinating seed produces only 1 cotyledon or seed-leaf ; stems 

 with closed vascular bundles scattered irregularly throughout the fundamental tissue ;. 

 leaves usually with parallel nerves ; parts of the flower usually arranged in whorls of 3 ;. 

 radicle soon ceasing to grow and never becoming a taproot. 



