GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS. 23 



Undershrub, a small shrub whose flowering branches die off in the winter. 



Undulate (crisped), wavy on the edges. 



Unilateral, one-sided. 



Unisexual, a flower of one sex, either male or female. 



Utricle, a very thin loose covering of some fruits. 



Valvate, petals and sepals whose edges, in bud, meet without overlapping. 



Valve, one of the pieces formed by the vertical splitting of the pericarp of 



certain fruits when ripe. The valves usually consist of the backs of the 



carpels. 

 Variety, subdivision of a species. 

 Vascular bundles, long tubes or fibres which establish communication between the 



various parts of a plant. An open vascular bundle is one divided by a 



layer of cambium, so that the bundle is capable of constant growth; a closed 



bundle (as in Vascular Cryptograms and Monocotyledons) has no cambium 



and cannot increase in size. 

 Ventral, see suture. 

 Versatile, when the anther is lightly attached by some point of its back to the 



filament, so as to swing easily. 

 Villous, beset with long soft hairs. 



Vitta, linear longitudinal vessel in the fruit of some Umbelliferae. 

 Viviparous, see proliferous. 

 Whorl (verticil), a set of organs, proceeding from the same node, and arranged 



in a circle around the axis. 

 Wlwrled (verticillate) , arranged in a whorl. 

 Wing, (1) any kind of flat membranous expansion; (2) one of the two lateral 



petals of papilionate flowers. 

 Zygomorpliic, see irregular. 



