22 GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS. 



Stigma, a point or small head at the summit of the style ; or the stigmas may 

 occupy the inner face of the style-branches (Compositae) or the spreading 

 hairs of the styles (Gramineae). Where there is no style, the stigma is 

 sessile on the ovary. It is sticky and papillose and receives the pollen from 

 the anthers. 



Stigmatic plate, the front part of the column in certain genera of Orchids, 

 bearing the female elements, and composed of a pedicel (or expanded style), 

 carrying a vertical plate on the face of which are the stigma, the rostelrum, 

 and the viscid disk. 



StipeUae, two small secondary stipules sometimes found at the base of leaflets. 



Stipes, a small stalk, especially one rising above the insertion of the perianth 

 and supporting a fruit, when it is the equivalent of a small gynophore; also 

 applied to the stalks of scales and bracts. 



Stipitate, supported on a stipes. 



Stipules, two small appendages growing at the base of the leafstalk. 



Stolon {runner, sucker), a basal branch growing just above or just below the 

 surface, rooting at intervals and producing new plants. 



Striate, marked with parallel, longitudinal lines. 



Style, the narrow upper part of the carpel or pistil; it surmounts the ovary and 

 supports the stigma, but is sometimes wanting (fig. 2). 



Sub, a prefix meaning (1) somewhat, almost, as in mberect, sub globular ; 

 (2) under, inferior, as in subfamily. 



Subulate, awlshaped. 



Superior. — An ovary is superior or free when the calyx, corolla, and stamens are 

 inserted below it on the floral axis, or when the hollow receptacle is not united 

 with it. In the first case the calyx, corolla, and stamens are hypogynous or 

 inferior (fig. 2), and in the second case they are inserted on or near the 

 margin of the hollow receptacle and so become perigynous. A Superior 

 radicle points towards the summit of the fruit, and a superior (epitropous) 

 micropyle points to the summit of the ovary. 



Superposed, inserted one above the other. 



Suture. — The dorsal suture of a carpel (carpellary leaf or fruit-leaf) represents 

 the midrib of the leaf; it is the outer (anterior) suture or seam. The ventral 

 suture is on the inner side of the carpel and indicates the line where the 

 edges of the folded leaf have become united; it bears the placenta and 

 ovules. Dehiscence may take place through one or both sutures. 



Sympetalous, a corolla in which the petals are united by their edges into a cup or 

 tube. Less correctly called gamopetalous or monopetalous. 



Syncarpous, an ovary, pistil, or fruit composed of two or more united carpels. 



Tendrils, filiform organs by which climbing plants cling to some object within 

 reach. 



Terete, slender-cylindrical, but not so slender as filiform. 



Ternatc, arranged in threes. 



Testa, the outer seedcoat. 



Tomentose, densely covered with short soft matted hairs (tomenium). 



Toothed (dentate), notched so as to resemble a row of sharp teeth. 



Torus, see receptacle. 



Trichotomous, stem or branches divided into three, once or several times. 



Trifid, cut about half-way into three parts. 



Trifoliolate, a leaf of three leaflets. 



Trigonous, sl stem or other organ which is triangular when cut transversely. 



Tripartite, divided into three parts nearly to the base. 



Tripinnatisect, thrice pinnatisect. 



Triquetrous, a triangular stem or other organ when the angles are sharp. 



Trisect, cut into three segments to the base of midrib. 



Truncate, cut off squarely. 



Tuber, (1) a swollen branch of an underground stem, producing buds, as the 

 potato; (2) a swollen part of a root, acting as a reservoir of nourishment. 



Tubercle, a small wartlike protuberance. 



Tuberculate, covered with tubercles. 



Tunic, the outer covering of some bulbs and corms. 



Turbinate, top-shaped. 



Umbel, inflorescence where the divergent branches or rays start from the same 

 point. In a simple umbel each ray bears one flower. 



Vmbellule, a partial umbel borne at the summit of each ray of a compound umbel. 



Umbilicate, with a conspicuous depression in the centre. 



Umbonate, bearing a small boss or elevation in the centre. 



