14 GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS. 



Biennial, a plant which flowers and dies in the second year. 



Bifid, cut in two for about half its length. 



Bipinnate, a leaf whose primary divisions (leaflets) are again pinnate. 



Bipinnatifid, a leaf whose primary lobes are again pinnatifid. 



Bipinnatisect, twice pinnatisect. 



Bisexual, a flower with the reproductive organs of both sexes. 



Bract, a small leaf at the bas? of the peduncles or pedicels, and differing from 



the other leaves in size or shape. Bracts may also occur on peduncles, 



scapes, or flowering branches without any pedicels in their axils. 

 Braoteate, furnished with bracts. 

 Bracteole, a small bract on the pedicel or even on the calyx. Bracteoles are 



usually two, and placed opposite each other. 

 Bulb, a short thick rootstock in which the bud or buds are covered by leaf -scales. 

 Bulbil, a minute bulb. 

 Caducous, falling off very early. 

 Callus, (1) a hard protuberance on some petals, such as the standard of Swainsona 



°nd the labellum of some orchids; (2) a hardened decurrent extension of 



the flowering glume along the rhachilla in some grasses, such as Stipa; this 



callus and the adnate article of the rhachilla fall off with the fruiting glume 



in the form of a short obconical stipes. 

 Calyx, outer envelope of the flower, consisting of free or united sepals. 

 Campanulate, bell-shaped. 

 Campylotropous , when an ovule is curved so that the micropyle and chalaza come 



near each other. 

 Capillary, hair-like, very slender. 

 Capitate, (1) shaped like a head (stigma, &c.) ; (2) growing in a head-like 



cluster (flowers of Compositae). 

 Capsule, a dry fruit (consisting of two or more united carpels), usually splitting 



into pieces called valves when ripe, or opening at the summit by teeth or 



pores. 

 Carpel, a fruit-leaf folded lengthwise and united by its edges; the lower and 



swollen portion forms the ovary, inside which the ovules are produced; the 



upper and narrower portion forms the style and stigma (fig. 2). 

 Carpophore (gynophore) , stalklet or axis arising from the receptacle and 



supporting certain fruits. 

 Cartilaginous, gristly. 



Caruncle, a fleshy appendage of the seed, growing near the funicle. 

 Caudicle, a straplike structure connecting the pollen-masses in Orchids to the 



viscid disk of the rostellum. 

 Cauline, inserted on the stem. 

 Cell, (1) the cavity of the ovary, and especially each cavity of a compound ovary 



or compound fruit; (2) a pouch or pollen-sac of the anther; (3) one of the 



minute masses of protoplasm which go to make up the tissue of plants. 

 Centrifugal or definite, applied to that kind of inflorescence, such as the cyme, 



where the terminal flower opens first and then those on the lateral branches. 

 Centripetal or indefinite, that kind of inflorescence, such as the head, spike, 



raceme, or panicle, where the outermost or lowest flowers open first and the 



main rhachis continues to lengthen, developing fresh flowers. 

 Chalaza, see ovule. 



Ciliate, bordered by hairs like eye-lashes (cilia). 

 Ciliolate, bordered by very short hairs. 

 Circumsciss, when a capsule opens by a transverse line, so that the upper part 



comes off like a lid. 

 Clavate, club-shaped. 



Claw, the narrow lower part of a petal or involucral bract. 

 Clinandrium, the depression on the top of the column in Orchids, on which the 



anther rests. 

 Collateral, placed side by side. 

 Column, the combination of stamens and style in a solid body, as in Orchids and 



Stylidiaceae. 

 Complicate (conduplicate) , folded flat together. 

 Compound, composed of several parts, as a leaf consisting of several leaflets, or a 



pistil consisting of several carpels; the opposite of simple. 

 Compressed, flattened lengthwise, either from side to side (laterally), or from 



front to back (dorsally). 

 Cone, a fruit usually woody, ovoid or globular, consisting of scales arranged 



around an axis and sheltering the naked seeds. 



