10 J. B. CLELAND. 
a few instances, and his school work, to a large extent, 
has been classical rather than scientific. He knows his busi- 
ness, and knows it well from a commercial aspect, but he 
does not, and cannot be expected to, understand the appli- 
cation of the knowledge of various sciences to his own 
particular work. We see, therefore, as it were, a great 
cleft between the two important sections of the commu- 
nity—those engaged in scientific work, and those engaged 
in industrial, commercial, agricultural, pastoral and other 
pursuits. We have failed as an Empire—and this is also. 
true of Australia as a part of that Empire—to recognise 
that an intimate union is necessary between these two sec- 
tions of the community, so as to make the best possible use 
of all our national resources and the means for making” 
these available. The present great war has awakened us. 
to the true position of affairs in this respect, and has shown 
us what tremendous power can be acquired by an almost. 
perfect co-ordination between these two sections of the 
community, as manifested by our enemy, the German. 
We now know that for many years Germany has had one- 
great aim 1n view—preparation for the war now in progress. 
To ensure in her eyes certain success, she has not: only 
utilised in her military organisation all possible scientific 
knowledge which could be applied to the manufacture of 
weapons and other means of offence and defence, but she 
has also applied scientific knowledge in every other busi- 
ness or commercial transaction which could in any way 
increase her prestige and power. Not only were those 
sciences dealing more directly with war called to her ser- 
vice, but even those which at first sight might seem to be: 
of little practical use to her, have been shown to play a 
by no means unimportant part. We find, for instance, that 
the study of meteorology has been of the greatest value 
to her in deciding when to act in some of her great efforts, 
