12 J. B. CLELAND. 
talking in this fashion, if a few more years see us nation- 
ally bankrupt in some important commodity, merely be- 
cause it did not seem to pay to conserve that commodity in 
the earlier years of our life. It is high time, therefore, 
that science came to play her part in our national work, 
and we should now move energetically to organise our- 
selves in this respect so as to meet the final settlement of 
peace and the succeeding struggle of nations, calm in the 
knowledge that we are doing the right thing, and resolved 
to profit in every possible way by scientific research and 
effort, and their practical application. 
Under these circumstances it may be useful briefly to in- 
dicate, like Milton’s grades of angels, the various types 
or degrees of scientific workers, and their value and use to 
the community as a whole. 
We have, first of all, the man of general average ability, 
who has had a general average education, and has an aver- 
age knowledge of various sciences. I think it may be 
said with safety that many of our school children, educated 
in the public and private schools, have now this average 
scientific education. They are really in the position of 
knowing enough about various sciences to understand that 
there is a very great deal more which they do not know. 
They should also be in the position of knowing, when 
necessary, where to apply for sound scientific advice in 
problems that present themselves, and also to be guarded 
to some extent against the plausible views of the charlatan 
and the man with scientific obsessions. -It probably fre- 
quently happens that the individual possessed of this aver- 
age education is unaware of its limitations, and presumes 
to act or advise on scientific questions for which he is not 
competent. These cases must be carefully guarded against, 
for in science, above all, a little knowledge is a dangerous 
thing. Obviously, the more broad and the more thorough 
