14 J. B. CLELAND. 
be removed by the application of scientific knowledge in 
some hitherto unthought-of direction. He will be able to 
understand the scientific requirements, and he will know 
through what channel to obtain advice in connection with 
these. Unfortunately for our national life, many of our 
number engaged in commercial pursuits are, through lack 
of initial general or special training in connection with 
these pursuits, quite unaware of the possible aid that may 
be given to their work by the application of scientific 
knowledge. They are, in fact, like the Chinese before, 
according to Lamb, they discovered, by burning down. 
their houses, the deliciousness of roast pork—they do not 
know what they are missing. They have no grasp of science 
themselves, and hence it never occurs to them that if vari- 
ous branches of science were brought to bear upon their 
work, these might be of the utmost value to them. 
The third degree of the scientifically trained mind is 
that of the person who has had a broad, general and scien- 
tific training, as in a university, and then has received 
special training in some particular branch or branches of 
higher scientific thought. In this way, along certain nar- 
row channels, he can speak and think with authority, and 
can apply to the use of the general community, and present 
needs, the scientific knowledge acquired in many countries 
during the past centuries. 
Still further elaboration of this type consists in the 
mentally more capable individual, trained along these same 
lines, who can bring to bear his own particular knowledge 
of some branch of science on problems that arise, and 
which at first appear to have no bearing directly ,upon 
his own immediate work. As an example of how such an 
application might arise may be taken, for instance, what 
is known as ‘‘dry-farming.’’ In recent years it has been 
shown that breaking up the surface soil in dry districts will 
