POM) J. B. CLELAND, 
also to a great extent born, ability being enhanced by 
environment and opportunities. They also must be 
sought after and placed in positions where the best results 
can be obtained. The next grade, where a scientist by study 
has acquired a special knowledge of some group, is one 
that may be attained by almost anyone with ability a 
little above the average. To a great extent these men can 
be turned out to meet the demand. They are to some ex- 
tent the hewers of wood and the drawers of water in the 
realms of science, and though they cannot be expected to 
make great advances, yet they are of the utmost value in 
the application of knowledge already gained. 
Part I.—Scientific Aspects of the Year. 
The Great War.—lIt is the custom in Presidential ad- 
dresses to review any questions of scientific importance that 
may have cropped up during the year, more especially 
those affecting this State. The world-war has naturally 
been uppermost in the minds of all, and it may safely be 
said that every scientific worker and thinker in our midst 
has revolved, time and again in his mind, all the knowledge 
in his possession, of his particular province of science, with 
regard to its possible application, directly or indirectly, 
in the national interest. Though our losses in life—of the 
noble, of the supremely fit, of those who would have been 
leaders in science and in all the various walks of social life 
—can never be made up to us, yet the sacrifice has not been 
in vain. Out of the Spanish-American and South African 
wars arose a fuller knowledge of the role that flies may play 
in the spread of typhoid fever. That information has been 
applied in practice with far-reaching results. Perhaps it 
is no exaggeration to state that the losses of life in these 
wars have been made up since by the saving of life result- 
ing from the knowledge gained during their progress. 
Similarly, in the present war, and as a direct result of it, 
