PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. Ld5t 
given shelter under bags and wooden dunnage near the 
sheds, the mice would not die from the cold. I found by 
eareful observation that in summer the majority of the 
mice were living outside and not in the stacks by day, in 
numerous burrows in the sides of water channels, embank- 
ments along railway tracks, ete., and that at nightfall they 
invaded the stacks, retiring to their burrows again before 
daybreak. This accounts for their being always thickest 
at the paddock end of the stacks. At quiet stations they 
were also much more numerous, better conditions prob- 
ably favouring the breeding. From a burrow I fumigated 
I secured 110 mice, packed like sardines. The burrow was 
Y-shaped, and in less than a square foot of ground. Some 
mice bred in the stacks, making nests of jute, gnawed or 
torn from bags, and I found 5, 7 and 9 in three nests. In 
summer, however, only ‘a small proportion bred in the stacks 
or lived there during the day. As an example of the latter, 
I took down a stack of 500 bags, which at night was black 
with thousands of mice. This was done in daytime, and 
all the mice there went into the dunnage below as we took 
the stack down. Covering this with a tarpaulin, and fumi- 
eating underneath with carbon bisulphide, the dunnage 
when removed yielded barely 500 mice (less than half a 
kerosene tin full, a kerosene tin full — 1100 dry mice and 
about 800 wet ones, 1.e., mice swollen with water from 
drowning). This experiment showed the folly of trying 
to cope with the mice by fumigating stacks in the daytime 
in summer, when most of the mice were safely out of the 
way in their burrows. In any case, fumigation was not 
practicable, as the fumes dissipated before a ‘death atmos- 
phere’ could be produced in such dense masses of wheat.’’ 
After making preliminary investigations in March, 1917, 
Mr. England perfected his scheme early in April, and on 
May 15th and 16th arranged a demonstration to the Ver- 
