4i 8 



THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 



vidual is, at least in part, due to the 

 specialization of the right and left halves 

 of the body, in the same sense as right or 

 left handedness or the functional superi- 

 ority of one leg, rather than to the patterns 

 transcending the limit of control of the 

 hereditary factor. The hands or feet of 

 the same side of monozygotic twins, on 

 the contrary, are virtually the duplicates 

 of each other; and it is but natural that 

 they resemble each other more closely 

 than the hands or feet of one individual. 

 It can not be disputed, however, that 

 certain same-sex twins who are known to 

 have been born with a common placenta 

 and who resemble each other very closely 



in physiognomy and body build, have 

 dissimilar patterns on more than two 

 pairs of fingers or on palms or soles. Also 

 it is by no means rare that the general 

 rule for patterns of monozygotic twins 

 stated above does not hold good. The 

 dissimilarity of the patterns or the non- 

 conformity of them to the rule, therefore, 

 does not necessarily disprove the mono- 

 zygosity of the given twins. Thus the 

 method of distinguishing the two kinds 

 of twins by means of such patterns has its 

 limitations. But, if used in collaboration 

 with other methods, it will prove to be a 

 very useful and reliable one for classifying 

 twins. 



LIST OF LITERATURE 



(For complete bibliography see especially Wilder, 

 1904; Bonnevje, 192.4; Siemens, 1924b; Dahlberg, 

 1916; and v. Verschuer, 192.7). 



GO Bonnevie, K. 192.3. Zur Analyse der Verer- 

 bungsfaktoren der Papillarmuster. Hereditas, 

 4: 2.1 1-2.30. 



GO . 192.4. Studies on papillary patterns 



of human fingers. Jour. Genetics, 15: 1-110. 



(3) Burks, Barbara S. 1916. Determining iden- 

 tity of twins. Jour. Heredity, 17: 193-195. 



(4) Dahlberg, G. 192.6. Twin births and Twins 

 from a Hereditary Point of View. Stockholm. 



(5) Galton, F. 1891. Finger Prints. London. 



(6) Ganther, E., and Rominger, E. 19x3. Uber 

 die Bedeutung des Handleistenbildes fur die 

 Zwillingsforschung. Zeitschr. f. Kinderheilk., 



36: Hl-llO. 



(7) Kishi, T. 192.7. Sotaizi Simon no Kenkyu 

 Qap.). (Studies on finger prints of twins.) 

 Zyuzenkwai Zassi, 3X, 7: 1-31. 



(8) Kuragami, Y. 1916. Sotaizi no Simon ni 

 tuite (Jap.). (On the finger prints of twins.) 

 Syakwai Igaku Zassi, 470: 111-130. 



(9) Lauterbach, C. E. 1915. Studies in twin 

 resemblance. Genetics, 10: 514-568. 



(10) Leven, L. 192.4. Uber die Erbanlagen der 

 Eineier auf Grand von Untersuchungen des 

 Papillarliniensystems der Finger. Dermatol. 

 Wochenschr., 78: 555-565. 



(11) Montgomery, R. B. 192.6. Sole patterns of 

 twins. Biol. Bull., 50: 193-300. 



(11) Muller, H. J. 192.5. Mental traits and 

 heredity. Jour. Heredity, 16: 433-455. 



(13) . 1917. Methods of studying twins. 



A reply. Jour. Heredity, 17: 195-2.06. 



(14) Newman, H. H. 1917. The Biology of Twins. 

 Chicago. 



(15) Obonai, T. 1916. Soseizi ni yoru Sinteki Iden 

 no Kenkyu (Jap.). (Studies on Mental Inherit- 

 ance of Twins.) Sinrigaku-Kenkyu, 1 : 577-638. 



(16) Poll, H. 1914. Uber Zwillingsforschung als 

 Hilfsmittel menschlicher Erbkunde. Zeitschr. 

 f. Ethnol., 46: 87-105. 



(17) Siemens, H. W. 192.4a. Uber die Eineiig- 

 keitsdiagnose der Zwillinge aus den Eihauten 

 und aus dem dermatologischen Befund . Zeitschr. 

 Induk. Abstamm. Vererb., 37: 111-114. 



(18) . 1914b. Die Zwillingspathologie. 



Berlin. 



(19) . 1915. Die Diagnose der Eineiigkeit 



in geburtshilflicher und in dermatologischer 

 Betrachtung. Arch. f. Gynaekol., 116: 613-645. 



(10) . 1917. The diagnosis of identity in 



twins. Jour. Heredity, 18: 101-109. 



(11) v. Verschuer, O. 1917. Die vererbungs- 

 biologische Zwillingsforschung. Ihre biolo- 

 gischen Grundlagen. Studien an 101 eineiigen 

 und 45 gleichgeschlechtlichen zweieiigen Zwill- 

 ings- und an 1 Drillingspaaren. Ergebnisse der 

 Inneren Medizin u. Kinderheilk., 31: 35-110. 



(11) Wilder, H. H. 1904. Duplicate twins and 

 double monsters. Amer. Jour. Anat., 3: 387-471. 



(13) . 190S. Zur korperlichen Identitat bei 



Zwillingen. Anat. Anz., 31: 193-100. 



(14) . 1916. Palm and sole studies. Biol. 



Bull., 30: 135-171 (I-IV), 111-151 (V-VII). 



(15) . 1919. Physical correspondences in 



two sets of duplicate twins. Jour. Heredity, 

 10, No. 9: 1-9. 



(16) Wilder, H. H. and Wentworth, B. 1918. 

 Personal Identification. Boston. 



