38 



phenomena, which found expression naturally enough 

 in a similarity of result when they came, independently 

 of each other, to treat their respective branches of 

 knowledge. That fundamental agreement in outlook, 

 again, took its rise, it is safe to presume, in the days 

 when they enjoyed constant access to each other, and 

 freely and thoroughly discussed all the topics and prob- 

 lems that presented themselves to one or other of them; 

 it was the legitimate fruit, in short, of their loyal and 

 assiduous cooperation in the laborious pursuit of learn- 

 ing when undergraduates together in Upsala. Already 

 at that period, we may confidently suppose, they had 

 each evolved and framed a system of treatment for the 

 science he was more especially interested in, those two 

 systems being, however, by reason of their originators' 

 community of thought and experience, to all intents and 

 purposes, one and the same. At this length of time it is 

 quite out of the question for us to apportion to each of 

 the two brother investigators his due and rightful share in 

 the joint result; we can but at the best venture a rough 

 conjecture on the basis of those differences in their 

 temperaments which have been depicted in the fore- 

 going pages. In some particulars, it is true, a diver- 

 gence of view makes its appearance, the most conspicu- 

 ous perhaps being, that, in reference to the arrange- 

 ment of Classes and Orders, Artedi insists over and 

 over again on the necessity of them being natural in 

 origin, Avhereas Linn.eus allows other considerations to 

 have some deciding weight in the matter; as far as that 

 goes, the former is ahead of, or more modern than the 

 latter. Even in his Preface Artedi says, " . . . before 

 everything I have urged that the Orders should by all 

 means be natural" — — — "but such Orders ought 

 not to be admitted as separate closely allied fishes one 

 from another and combine together those that are not 



related ". Linnaeus, on the other hand, writes 



that, cseteris paribus, natural Orders are superior to ar- 

 tificial ones, but adds resignedly that the Glasses depend 

 upon the agreement of the Genera in certain respects, 



