214 PRACTICAL TAXIDERMY. 



How large models in clay, &c., can be made is described by 

 Mr. Waterhouse Hawkins, F.G.S., &c., in bis paper on tbe 

 reproductions be made of tbe extinct animals exbibited at tbe 

 Crystal Palace, Sydenbam : 



" By careful study of tbeir works I qualified myself to make 

 preliminary drawings, witb careful measurements of tbe fossil 

 bones in our Museum of tbe College of Surgeons, Britisb 

 Museum, and Geological Society. Tbus prepared, I made 

 my sketcb-models to scale, eitber a sixtb or twelftb of tbe 

 natural size, designing sucb attitudes as my long acquaintance 

 witb tbe recent and living forms of tbe animal kingdom 

 enabled me to adapt to tbe extinct species I was endeavouring 

 to restore. 



" I caused tbe clay model to be built of tbe natural size 

 by measurements from tbe sketcb model, and wben it approxi- 

 mated to tbe form, I, witb my own band in all instances, 

 secured tbe anatomical details and tbe cbaracteristics of its 

 nature. 



" Some of tbese models contained tbirty tons of clay, wbicb 

 bad to be supported on four legs, as tbeir natural bistory 

 cbaracteristics would not allow of my baving recourse to any 

 of tbe expedients for support allowed to sculptors in an ordinary 

 case. I could bave no trees, nor rocks, nor foliage to support 

 tbese great bodies, wbicb, to be natural, must be built fairly on 

 tbeir four legs. In tbe instance of tbe iguanodon, it is not less 

 tban building a bouse upon four columns, as tbe quantities of 

 material of wbicb tbe standing iguanodon is composed, consist 

 of 4 iron columns, 9ft. long by Tin. diameter, 600 bricks, 650 Sin. 

 balf-round drain-tiles, 900 plain tiles, 38 casks of cement, 90 

 casks of broken stone ; making a total of 640 busbels of artificial 

 stone. Tbese, witb 100ft. of iron booping and 20ft. of cube incb 

 bar, constitute tbe bones, sinews, and muscles of tbis large 

 model, tbe largest of wbicb tbere is any record of a casting 

 being made." 



Otber uses of plaster are also described in Cbapters VI. and 

 YII. One of tbe uses of plaster in modelling is, bowever, to 

 reproduce flesb, &c. For tbis purpose mix plaster of Paris 

 (best S.F.) witb boiled oil until it forms a smootb, tbick putty, 



