CARBONIFEROUS AND PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS, N.S.W. 281 



Burindi epoch ; the extinction of the earlier flora was no 

 doubt due to the profound geographical and consequent 

 climatic changes which followed the Wallarobba uplift. 

 The deposition of the Mount Johnstone beds was followed by 

 the pouring out of a fresh lava flow — the Paterson rhyolite. 



The climatic changes which followed the Wallarobba 

 uplift now culminated, and there resulted such a refriger- 

 ation of the climate as to produce a great glacial epoch. 

 Great glaciers, or possibly even ice-sheets, now covered 

 much of this region, and deposited thick beds of tillite and 

 other glacial material. This tillite includes a good deal of 

 material derived from some of the late Kuttung lava flows, 

 particularly from the Paterson rhyolite, but includes also 

 very much material which must have been derived from 

 Tery distant sources. It has not been possible yet to 

 identify with certainty the localities from whence this 

 material was derived, it may have come from those parts 

 of the Australian continent which lay to the south and east 

 or it may have come from Tasmantis. No glacial pave- 

 ments have yet been found in connection with these glacial 

 beds, so there is no evidence available from this source to 

 determine the direction of movement of the ice. 



At least three periods of tillite deposition occurred in 

 the Sea ham district, and these three periods are separated 

 from one another by two interglacial periods, during which 

 varve shales were deposited in lakes occurring along the 

 margin of an extensive ice-front. The varve beds are 

 known to occur along a distance of not less than 200 miles, 

 and this gives some indication of the great extent of the 

 ice-sheets. The thickness of the varve beds alone repre- 

 sents a period of time of not less than 3,000 years for their 

 deposition. 



The close of the Kuttung Epoch is marked by another 

 important crustal movement which ushered in the Permo- 



