CARBONIFEROUS AND PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS, N.S.W. 303 



especially when dominant forms of fossils are considered, 

 e.g., Protoretepora ampla and long-spined forms of 

 Strophalosia which are extraordinarily abundant and 

 characteristic from high up in the Upper Marine Series 

 down close to the top of the Burydesma beds of the Lower 

 Marine Series; and then the Glossopteris-Gangamopteris 

 flora with Noeggerathopsis and Phyllotheca of the Greta 

 coal-measures is persistent into the Tomago and Newcastle 

 Coal-measures an argument for their inclusion in the same 

 system. For the purposes of this paper all the strata from 

 the Allandale Eurydesma beds upwards to the top of the 

 Newcastle will be considered Permian, those from the 

 Eurydesma beds to the Brandon conglomerate above the 

 transition beds of the Kuttung, will be considered to be 

 Uralian. On this basis the important question as to the 

 various geological horizons for tillites in the Upper Palaeo- 

 zoic rocks of the type district of the Hunter can next be 

 considered. 



If the glacial beds of the Kuttung series be assumed to 

 have been all referable to Upper Kuttung time, and if 

 measurements be taken from the top tillite of the Kuttung 

 it is found that, at Allandale, a horizon about 2400 feet 

 higher coarse conglomerates occur with cobbles and 

 boulders up to three feet in diameter. Although glacial 

 striae are scarce and faint, the evidence of dumped blocks 

 with their principal axes often at right angles to such 

 bedding as can be traced in these tuffaceous shales, suggests 

 the action of shore ice around the neighbouring volcanic 

 island of Blair Duguid. Eurydesma cordatum, Aviculo- 

 pectens, Keenia and Platyschisma are abundant in these 

 ice-foot glacial beds. 



At a horizon from 1000 to 1500 feet still higher and 

 ascending to within a hundred feet or so of the base of the 

 Greta Coal Measures small erratics occur at intervals 



