See he ae es 
: 
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1887] History of Garden Vegetables. + yO 
as he gives an English name,—flowrie cole, or Cypress coleworts ; 
but, according to Parkinson, it was rare in 1629. In 1683, Wor- 
lidge praises them greatly. According to Heuze, three varieties 
of cauliflowers were described by Ibn-al-awan for the Nabathean 
agriculture in Spain in the twelfth century. 
In 1778, Mawe? mentions for varieties only the early and the 
late, scarcely differing. In 1806, in America, McMahon; knew 
the same only, and but two varieties are named by Bridgeman‘ 
in 1832. In France, in 1824, three varieties—/e dur, le demi-dur, 
and de tendre—are named, and the same in 1829.6 In 1883, Vil- 
morin? describes sixteen sorts; and Burr® describes ten sorts for 
America in 1863. 
The varieties of the cauliflower are essentially of one type, 
although some are more highly improved than others; and there 
are differences in size, height, and season, one kind even being 
purplish in the head. The distinctions are, however, not highly 
constant, and variations found in the growing serve to bridge 
whatever chasms may appear; and hence we may conclude that 
the varieties are but due to seminal variation carefully selected. 
he names given to the cauliflower in various countries are: 
in France, Choux-fleurs; in Germany, Blumenkohl, Carfofil; in 
Flanders and Holland, dloemkool; in Denmark, d/omkaal; in 
Italy, cavol-fiore; in Spain, Coliflor; in Portugal, Couve flor ;° 
at Constantinople, Zarnaditi ; in India, phool kobee.™ 
CeLerrac.? Apium graveolens L., var. rapaceum DeC. 
This vegetable is described by Gray” as a state of the common 
celery in which the root is enlarged and eatable. It presents but 
à 
* Heuze, Les Pl. Alimen., i. p. iv. 2 Mawe, Gard., 1778. 
3 McMahon, Am. Gard. Kal., 1806. 
* Bridgeman, Young. Gard. Assist., 1832. 
5 L'Hort: Fran., 1824. 6 Noisette, Man., 1829. 
7 Vilmorin, Les Pl. Pot., 1883. 8 Burr, Field and Gard. Veg., 1863. 
9 Vilmorin, Les Pl. Pot., 1883, 144. 10 Forskal, FI. ZEgypt.-Arab., xxix. 
1592, and on speaks of the Apium capitatum as found in the garde: 
of St. Agatha, Theano, and elsewhere in Apulia, taken from nature, and as unno- 
zE | by the ancients, He describes the bulb as being of the size of 
8 Gray, Field, Forest, and Gard. Bot., 165. - 
