1887] - History of Garden Vegetables. 711 
- mentions two varieties,—the one with dun, the other with white, 
seeds. This latter form was mentioned by Bauhin in 1623. 
The European names are, in France, gesse cultivée, gesse 
blanche, lentille d’Espagne, dent-de-brebis, pois breton, pois carre ; 
in Germany, essbare Platterbse, weisse Platterbse, deutsche Kicher ; 
in Flanders, p/atte erwt; in Holland, peul erwt, wiken; in Spain, 
arveji; in Spanish America, muelas ;* in Italy, cicerchia cichero.? 
In extra European languages: in Bengali, £hesaree, teora ; 
_ in Egypt, gilban; in Guzerat, Jang; in Hindustani, £ussoor ; 
in Persian, masang ; in Sindh, matar3 
Cuicory. Cichorium intybus L. 
The wild chicory has been used for time immemorial as a 
salad-plant, and, forced in darkness, affords the highly-esteemed 
vegetable in France known as barbe-de-capuchin. It has also 
large-rooted varieties, and these, when treated in like manner, 
form the vegetable known in Belgium as w¢loof. 
Whether the chicory was cultivated by the ancients I think 
there is reason to doubt, although they knew the wild plant and 
its uses as a vegetable. It is not mentioned in the descriptive 
list of garden vegetables in use in the thirteenth century, as 
given by Albertus Magnus,¢ Ruellius,’ in 1536, mentions two 
kinds, but does not imply cultivation; nor does Fuchsius,° in 
1542, who likewise names two kinds, one of which is our dande- 
lion. It is treated of by Tragus, in 1552; Matthiolus,’ 1558; 
the “Adversaria,”9 1570; Lobel, 1576; Camerarius,* 1586; 
Dalechampius, 1587; Gerarde,” 1597; but no mention of cultiva- 
tion. Althou gh not mentioned in Lyte’s translation of Dodonzus 
> (1586) as cultivated, yet in Dodonzus’s “ Pemptades” (1616) it is 
; 
nd not only to occur wild throughout all Germany, þut to be 
_ cultivated in gardens; and this is the first mention of culture 
that I note. In 1686, Ray™ says it is sown in gardens and 
eurs wild in England, and the seed occurs among seedsmen’s 
Supplies in 1726.5 
a 
- * Vilmorin, Les Pl. Pot., 1883, 241. » 2 Birdwood, I. c. 3 Heuze, L c. 
NS = - Magnus, lib. vii. tract ii. c. 2. 5 Ruellius, De Nat. Stirp., 1536, 495- 
-» 1542, 679. 7 Tragus, 1552, 272. 
-» 1558, 258. : 9 Pena and Lobel, Adv., 1570, 82. 
icone Obs., 1576, 114. 11 Camerarius, Epitome, 1586, 285. 
e Tag Ty Lugd., 1587, 557. 13 Gerarde, Herbal, 1597, 235- 
3 Ray, Hist., 1686, i. 255. 15 Townsend, Seedsman, 1726, 33- 
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