TA 
f y 
E 
K hae 
730 ` : Hornless Ruminants, {Ag 
The author classes all these plants under three main parali | 
divisions, from the lowest of the apetalous,' mono- and dicoty- 
ledonous groups to their respective highest plants. These three 
main columns are divided at the same point into three gener 
planes. On plane 1 are all plants of simplicity of floral elemens 
or parts; for example, the black walnut with the simple flow: 
contained in a catkin, On plane 2 are plants of multiplécity 0 
floral elements, as the many petals and stamens of the ros; 
and, finally, the higher plants, as the orchids among the mon 
cotyledons, and the Composite among the dicotyledonous plants 
come upon the third plane, or the division of condensation 
floral parts. 
These three characteristics, simplicity, multiplicity, and ~ 
densation of floral elements, are correspondingly repeated 1 
_ each of the three horizontal planes, and even in individual ords 
in their lowest and highest plants.? To facilitate the compreh 
sion of this classification I have assembled a sufficient nu 
of the plants themselves, so arranged as to place before yout 
living representation of this complicated diagram. 
(To be concluded.) tf 
HORNLESS RUMINANTS. 
hes group of mammals known as Ruminants exhibits 
BY R. C. AULD. 
tain characters more or less dependent and highly ast 
Among these is the possession of horns. The Rumit 
* Heckel’s division of apetalous plants from mono- and dicotyledonous r 
has been criticised by some botanists as an artificial method of classificatio™ sgt 
sed praeter classifications have been declared, on botanical authority, be < 
A ota „the bh a Pt 12.4 ry pologize for introducing r BSS 
She has found his scheme to answer hee Jirjis provisionally, Mor per so 
oher classifications, atid she is indebted to him for a means of pon pot e 
ject, f which would be otherwise impracticable. Further than this she 1 wid 
Ty re ble for advocating the classification, M. Heckel’s table is PU sient 
his paper, “Les plantes et la théorie de evolution,” in the evs? ee 
* Plate XXV. illustrates this principle for the three horizontal planes, which LA 
_ applicable to the orders, es 
