1887] i Hornless Ruminants. 731. 
frontal bones, to which may be attached, or round which may be 
sheathed, horny appendages or coverings. But all of the group 
do not possess these; camels, etc., and two tribes of deer are nor- 
mally hornless. And among the others, as it is our object to 
show, the horns are by no means -constant, or even necessary. 
In reference to their horns, Ruminants may be thus arranged: 
a, Camels (including Llamas, etc.) . i . Without horns. 
6, Giraffes, horns persistent. 
¢. Deer (including the hornless deer), hors Solid horns. 
deciduous. 
d. Antelope, Goats, Sheep, Oxen, horns per- __ 
sistent? ; : : ; ; Sheathed horns. 
In reference to the particular character that is to engage 
attention, the group may be divided in two divisions : 
I. Normal hornless Ruminants. 
II. Special hornless Ruminants. 
t n a a ee ee eee 
I. Normat Horniess RUMINANTS. 
Camels, llamas, alpacas, guanacos, chevrotains, water, and 
musk-deer are the normal hornless Ruminants, in both sexes. 
-All these have, however, efficient canine teeth. 
II. Specrat HORNLESS RUMINANTS. 
Under this division come all those instances, among others 
than those just named, which it has been the object to investigate. 
Giraffes Though the giraffe seems normally to be horned in 
both Sexes, a description of the horris is necessary. The head 
_ ‘adorned with three prolongations of the bone, two of which, 
_ inthe usual place of horns, are generally described as such, 
_ “fey are covered with a velvety skin similar to those of the 
a deciduous-horned deer at their first growth, but which does not 
fll off; and at the tip they are surmounted by strong bristly 
z: irs. In the adult the internal structure is hard and solid, but 
R the young there has been observed an appearance of a cellular 
Sentre, nourished by vessels. The third protuberance is in the 
centre of the skull, and appears as a rounded knob, and is of a 
__ {SY spongy texture (Fardine). Both sexes are born with the 
Om of a certain distinct development; they are persistent 
7 * I know of exceptions to this. : 
