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| Aes Recent Literature. ay 
kokvim and the Yukon Rivers a slight allowance should be made 
for the constant maintenance of trading-stations situated favor- 
ably to induce both the Indians, who dwell in the northern 
regions, strictly within tree-limits, and the Eskimo, who dwell 
without it, to trade at those stations. | 
In three localities the Alaskan Eskimo are known to disperse 
far into the interior. The first area to be considered is that lying 
between the Yukon from near the Shgeluk across to the Kus- 
kokvim at Kolmakofsky Redubt and to the sea. This great 
expanse of barren ground is quite populous with Eskimo, The 
second and third areas are adjacent, and comprise the region 
lying east of Kotzebue Sound. Here are the mountain Eskimo 
and, to the north of them, the Eskimo along the banks of the 
Kuwuk and several other streams of greater or less importance. 
The Occurrence of these people in each of those localities can 
certainly form no hypothesis that will tend even to support the 
assertion that their presence away from the coast should show 
n. 
theìr origi 
_ Dr. Rink submits the strange deduction that the Eskimo kaiak 
is a derivative of the Indian birch-bark canoe. From the earliest 
meatal every particle of reliable information proves that the 
uy deadly hatred and animosity existed between the Indians 
tory 
tised 
the 
by 
Eskimo wherever they came in contact. Their earlier his- 
is filled with traditions of scarcely credible atrocities prac- 
fa ach people upon the other; and any one who believes 
Possibility of the birch-bark canoe being adopted as a model 
€ Eskimo for his skin canoe has but little knowledge of the 
contempt of the Eskimo for anything of Indian construction. 
ust why the word umiak was not substituted and that model 
considered instead of the birch-bark canoe is incomprehensible. 
ta the umiak is the original of the kaiak is proved by the tra- 
/ Hae now existing among the people of Attu, the westernmost 
nd of the Aleutian Chain, and where the writer lived for 
ven months, 
The narrative is, in substance, as follows: We always had the 
- Umiak as a 
psa as made smaller, and only a man and his own 
Th Y entered it and made it their home for days at a time. 
y Were thus exposed to the inclemency of the weather, and a 
: lef — of the man was now drawn nearer the centre, and that 
ae We pace 
- Tequired pro 
oe dred protection, By the act of covering at each end a small 
ois found that the accompanying members of the family were 
5 A shz to comfort and speed. i 
E n, who had attained a degree of reverence from his 
X 
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