ee History of Garden Vegetables. 827 
Cuives. Allium schenoprasum L. 
These are small and unimportant members of the Onion family, 
found native throughout Europe, in Siberia even to Kamschatka,* 
and in North America, upon the shores of Lakes Huron, Su- 
perior, and northward ;? but the form found in the Alps comes 
the nearest to that under cultivation. Although probably known 
= to the ancients, yet we seem unable to fully identify them with 
the varieties of the onion named by Theophrastus, Columella, 
4 and others. They were planted in gardens in Europe in the 
_ Sixteenth century, and were in American gardens preceding 1806. 
_ In England, described by Gerarde3 (1597), called “a pleasant 
A Sawce and good Pot-herb” by Worlidge+ in 1683, are among 
i seedsmen’s supplies5 in 1726, and are recorded as formerly in 
_ Seat request, but now of little regard, by Bryant® in 1783. 
3 ae Chives, Sives,* civet or sweth,3 are called, in France, ciboulette, 
_ «Mette, appetit, cive, fausse echalote; in Germany, schnitilauch, 
a srasslauch ; Flanders and Holland, bieslook ; in Italy, cipollina ; 
: in Spain, cebollino ;7 in Portugal, cebolinha ; in Denmark, graslog ; 
i Poland, luczer-lupny® . | 
a The only -indication of variety I, find is in Noisette, who enu- 
_Merates the civette, the cive d'A ngleterre, and the cive de Portugal, 
ks. these are the same, only modified by soil. The use 
i € leaves as a condiment is well known. The plant is an 
Be humble one, and is propagated by the bulbs, for, although it 
— flowers, these are invariably sterile, according to Vil- 
Cuura. Cyperus esculentus L. : 
nae and. has received a spasmodic culture in gardens. It is 
: ofi cultivated in Southern Europe, Asia, and Africa, becoming 
Mega at Valence, in Galicia, and in the environs of Ro- 
sede ee mietta, in Egypt.” In Hungary it is grown for the 
oe as a coffee substitute," but in general for its tubers, 
“te sweet, nutty, and palatable. These bulbs, says Bryant,” 
De Candolle. Or; 
"Ceard €, Orig. des P], Cult., 57. 2 Gray, Man. of Bot 
Enc. of Ag., 98. 1:2 Bryant, Fl. Diet., 1783, 29- 
The chufa was distributed from the United States Patent Office 
» Herbal, 1597, 139. 4 Worlidge, Syst. Hort., 1683, 194- . 
a; an, 1726, 25. 6 Bryant, Fl. Diet., 1783, 92- 
Les Pl, Pot., 1883, 156. 8 McIntosh, Book of the Gard., ii. 47. 
Man., 1829, 353: to Heuze, Les Pl. Alim., ii. 551. 
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