s summarized: Ax inadeguate diet, in the physiological sense, 
combined with impure air; the depressing effect, physical and 
hical, of a uniformly high temperature ; the influence of un- 
certainty in the reward of exertion, and of unfounded expectation, 
_ begetting the gambling spirit ; the limited play of sexual selection ; 
Wd the lack of variety in the afferent influences reaching the ner- 
vous centres (experience),—all of which can be studied especially 
wl in this community, on account of its diversity in race compo- 
Mion and its comparatively isolated and stable condition, 
HORNLESS RUMINANTS. 
BY R. C. AULD, F.ZS. 
(Continued from page 746.) 
HE genus Bos is composed of a large number of animals which 
The buffaloes and bisons have to be passed over, leaving the 
bovines to be solely dealt with as the most typical representatives. 
- Bovines are divided into (1) the hump-backed, Asian or Indian, 
2) the level-backed, European or Caucasian. The former, 
Bos indicus, inhabit the more tropical regions, and are subdivided 
mto large and small varieties, best known under the name of zebus. 
€ latter, Bos taurus, inhabit the more temperate regions, and 
pay 
rons, or small Celtic short-horn. These may be regarded as 
corresponding, as to size, respectively with the two zebu types. . 
: Sy seat of the origin of the ox has been generally assigned to 
_ “Part of Asia n 
_ * This word is here used in its restricted sense. 
Hornless Ruminants. BSR: : 
fall into well-defined dubaline, bisontine, and bovine’ divisions. , 
are subdivided (primarily) into B. primigenius, Or Urus, and B. 
nig € Progenitor of the small B. longifrons. Darwin—and a 
i the majority of naturalists—regards the zebu DRT ss 
