is eminently sound basis Dr. Abbot harmonizes philosophical . 
and scientific thought. His statement of the leading positions 
the controversy is as follows (p. 2 3): 
~ “1. Exrreme Reacts (Universalia ante rem) taught that uni- 
‘Wersals were substances or things, existing independently of and 
from particulars or individuals. This was the e 
$ 
ena, who died A.D. 880, was the first to revive this doctrine in 
Schools, borrowing from the Pseudo-Dionysius A 
“2. MODERA 
Saiversal inhered in each of the particulars ranged under it. 
This was the theory of Aristotle, who held that the +68 vt, or 
individual thin , Was the First Essence, while universals were 
only Second Ess 
ity to individuals. Until Scotus Erigena resusci- 
onic theory, Aristotle’s was the received doctrine 
“- and the warfare was simply between those two 
€alism prior to the advent of Roscellinus. op 
a> Extreme NOMINALISM (Universalia post rem) taught that _ 
henge had no substantive or objective existence at all, but 
nomina, voces, flatus voas). — 
nator of this sententia — 
DERATE NOMINALISM, or CoNCEPTUALISM ( epee aies 
') taught that universals have no sionat TES 
more than mere names signi ing ting ; 
