A 1887] History of Garden Vegetables. ` 979 
_ calyx not spiny, while the word Batleschaim, or Melanzana Bat- 
_ leschaim, was applied to the spiny-calyx form of the pear-shaped, 
—if Gronovius’s* synonymy is to be trusted. 
Every type in the varieties that I have seen under cultivation 
canbe, with certainty, referred to one of the four forms above 
named. The oval-form type is figured in 1542, as we have 
shown; the round type in 1648, in Brazil; the long type, by 
Dalechamp, in 1587; and the pear-shaped type also in 1587. 
_ All the colors now noted, and more, receive notice in the ancient 
writers, As we have confined our synonymy to those authors 
who have given figures, and have omitted those who but de- 
_ Scribed, however certainly the descriptions would apply, we can 
_ Claim-accuracy as to our facts. : 
_ We, hence, have no evidence that types have originated 
_ through cultivation in recent years, and we have strong evidence 
at types have continued unchanged through long-continued 
cultivation under diverse climates. It is but as we examine 
_ Variation within types that we see the influences of cultivation. 
tis not altogether in size. The oval-fruited is described by 
| Dodonzus (1616) as of the form and size of an egg, but he 
Says that in Egypt, where the plant is wild, it attains double or 
ae times this size, which it has in France and Germany. 
i Ray, in 1686, compares the size of the long-fruited to that of 
_ at egg, or of a cucumber,—a comparison that would answer for 
| Way, as cucumber size covers a wide range; but he adds that 
the curved form is like a long gourd. The figures of the pear- 
shaped in 1719 indicate a fruit which compares well with the 
Sal sizes grown at the present time. It is in regularity of 
, form, and in the large size of selected strains, that we see the 
uence arising from careful selection and protected growth. 
Other influence has climate exercised? We do not know. 
This sketch illustrates the point I have already made in my 
- og of the dandelion, celery, and other vegetables,—that types 
ui. oneties have great fixity, are not produced through human 
‘ection and cultivation, and, I wish I could add in this case, 
mated from wild prototypes; but, unfortunately, I find no 
Ena records of the variation observed in feral, or spon- 
“ous plants, , 
* Gronovius, Orient., 25, 26. 
