980 oe History of Garden Vegetables. 
. ELEcAMPANE. J/nula helenium L. 
The use of this plant is now nearly abandoned, although i 
was once highly regarded as an aromatic tonic. Columella, 
Pliny, and Palladius mention its culture by the Romans of the 
first and third centuries. Vegetius Renatus, about the begin 
ning of the fifth century, calls it Znula campana, and St. Isidore, 
in the beginning of the seventh, names it Jnw/a, adding “ quam 
Alam rustici vocant.” It is frequently mentioned in Angi 
Saxon writings on medicine before the Norman conquest, and 
was the “marchalan” of the Welsh physicians of the thirteenth 
century, and was generally well known during the middle ages’ 
The root is the valuable part, and it was used for candying e 
a sweetmeat, as well as for a medicine, and is sometimes even 
now used in distilling absinthe in order to give a flavor. Itwa 
in American gardens in 1806, and its seed is yet advertised it 
some of our seed-catalogues. i 
The Zlecampane is called, in France, aulnée, aromate geri 
ique, aunée, eil-de-cheval; in Germany, alant;’ in Ang 
Saxon, hors-helene ; in Italy, elenio or enula campana* 
The plant, now naturalized in places in the United States, 
native to Southern and Central Europe, extending eastward 
the Caucasus, Southern Siberia, and in the Himalayas. Its 
occurs in-Southern England and Ireland, Norway, and Fi 
= 
fe 
; Enpive. Cichorium endivia L. 
There are two distinct forms of endive,—the one the curled, 
the other the broad-leaved. The first does not seem to ae 
been known to the ancients, although Dioscorides* and Pliny : 
name two kinds. In the thirteenth century Albertus Magn 
names also two kinds, the one with narrower leaves : 
other; and in 1542 Fuchsius® figures two kinds of Like : 
tion, and like forms are noted in nearly all the earlier 
A curled broad-leaved form is figured by Camerarius? 1 
Dalechampius,® 1587; Gerarde,* 1597, etc. Tt 1$, bo 
* Pharmacographia, 1879, 380. 2 McMahon, Am, Gard. Kal» e 
3 Vilmorin, Les Pl. Pot., 28. 4 Pickering, Ch. Hist., 461. 
5 Dioscorides, lib. ii. c. 147. 6 Pliny, lib. xx. ¢- 29 3% 
7 Albertus Magnus, De Veg., Jessen ed., 1867, 508 283. 
° Fuchsius, De Stirp., 677, 678. 9 Camerarius, Epit., i 
10 Hist. Gen., Lugd., 1587, 557. zı Gerarde, Herbal, 1597; 221 
