1076 Hornless Ruminants. [Dec. 
It is certain, if the observation recorded by Mr. G. K. Gilbert — 
is correct, that man was contemporary with species of Equus on 
the North American continent. I have identified* the remains 
of Equus occidentalis Leidy and Eguus excelsus Leidy from the 
Upper Pliocene bed of Oregon, where they were mingled with 
obsidian arrow-heads and scrapers in a sandy bed easily dis- 
turbed by the wind. The contemporaneity of these remains 
being, under such circumstances, uncertain, it remained to dis- 
cover them in a more solid deposit to confirm the suspicions 
raised by their association as first observed. Such a discovery 
is recorded by Dr. Gilbert as having been made in Nevada bya 
member of the United States Geological Survey. The guus 
occidentalis thus shown to have been a contemporary of man, is 
not very close in characters to the true horse, but was propor 
tioned more as in the ass, The head was as large as that of the 
horse, but the legs were more slender and a little shorter. tt 
ranged from Oregon to Southwestern Texas, but its remains 
have not yet been found in the Valley of Mexico. 
HORNLESS RUMINANTS. 
BY R. C. AULD, F.ZS. 
(Continued from page 902.) 
ENGLAND, WALES, AND IRELAND. 
N treating of British cattle it is of interest to trace their aed 
It may therefore be advantageous to quote the views of Prot 
Boyd-Dawkins, especially as he has given the subject part 
attention, and as I have had some correspon 
regard to polled cattle. 
“Th ean, i ll the i 
e two principal stocks from which a imal wild 10 the 
in te 
ae 
icular 
dence with hia.” | 
breeds are de- 
