1895.] On a New Classification of the Lepidoptera. 637 
primitive characteristic. In the first pair of maxille of Micro- 
pteryx calthella, aruncella, anderschella and aureatella, cardo and 
stipes are present as two clearly separate pieces. The former 
in M. calthella and arunecella in comparison with the latter is 
larger than in anderschella and aureatella. In the last two 
species, the cardo is still tolerably broad, but reduced. The 
stipes are considerably longer than the cardo in the two last 
species, while it is of the same thickness. From the stipes 
arises the large 6-jointed palpus maxillaris, folded two or 
three times and concealing the entire front of the head and 
all the mouth-parts. Af its base, and this is unique among all 
the Lepidoptera, two entirely separate maxillary lobes arise from 
the stipes. The external represents the most primitive rudiment 
(anlage) of a lepidopterous tongue.” (Fig.1.) It is evident from 
Walter’s figures and description that this is not a case of re- 
duction by disuse of the tongue, but that it represents the 
primitive condition of this lobe or the galea of the maxilla, and 
this is confirmed by the presence of the lacinia, a lobe of the 
maxilla not known to exist in any other Lepidopterous insect, 
it being the two gales which become elongated, united and 
highly specialized to form the so-called tongue or glossa of all 
Lepidoptera above the Eriocephalide,' which we may regard 
as the types of the Lepidoptera laciniata. 
Another most important feature correlated with this, and 
not known to exist in Lepidoptera glossata is the presence of 
two lobes of the second maxille, besides the 3-jointed labial 
palpi, and which correspond to the mala exterior and mala in- 
terior of the second maxille of Dermaptera, Orthoptera, 
Platyptera, Corrodentia, i. e., Perlide, Termitide and Odonata, 
and also, as Walter states, to the ligula and paraglosse of 
Hymenoptera. In this respect, the laciniate Lepidoptera are 
more generalized than Neuroptera, Trichoptera, or Mecoptera. 
Walter thus describes the two lobes or outer and inner mala 
of the second maxilla: “ Within and at the base of the labial 
palpi is a pair of chitinous leaves provided with stiff bristles, 
1 In his paper on the larva of Eriocephala, etc. (Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1894, 
p. 335), Dr. Chapman separates the old genus Micropterya into two families: 
Eriocephalide and Micropterygide. His group Eriocephalidx I here regard as 
comprising the types of the sub-order Lepidoptera laciniata or Protolepidoptera. 
