618 The American Naturalist. [July, 
Some attempts were made to unite annuals and perennials. 
The tomato was used for a stock, the author not being aware, 
apparently, that the tomato is not strictly annual but frequently 
lives far into the second year and evan longer in green houses 
and in warm climates. In the first series of experiments cions 
of Solanum dulcamara were grafted on. They made a good 
union and more growth than any shoots on the parent stem. 
In the fall the plants were removed toa house. Gradually the 
leaves fell off, but the sprouts remained fresh for a time. They 
died, however, in December or January, the disturbance 
beginning below with the stock. It was thought that owing 
possibly to the fall of the leaves and the cessation of the activ- 
ity of the graft, it had not sufficiently stimulated the stock, so 
another experiment was made using as cions Solanum capsi- 
cum and S. pseudocapsicum, which hold their leaves over 
winter. A good union was secured and the plants developed 
fine tops and prospered until winter. In early winter the 
stocks became diseased at the root and the tops died quickly. 
One plant, however, held on longer and toward the end of 
December the part of the stock above ground formed adven- 
tive roots. In January the graft turned yellow and died. 
Conclusion: These experiments do not show that the life of 
annuals can be prolonged by grafting perennials upon them 
but it is not certain that such an end might not be reached by 
the use of other plants. An experiment was also made on 
Mercurialis annua which bears _staminate and pistillate flowers 
on different plants. Portions of male and female plants were 
united by grafting but the result was negative, the sex remain- 
ing distinct. Mention is also made of a staminate Ginkgo tree 
in the Botanical Garden at Basle into which a pistillate branch 
was grafted many years ago. . This has grown into a stately 
system of branches but the sexual parts are just as distinct as 
on separate trees. The same result has been reached in the 
same garden with Acuba japonica. 
Plants of varied color and form were also grafted together. 
The more recent discussion of the symbiosis of cion and stock 
turns chiefly on the subject of the transmissibility of panach- 
ure and on the possibility of graft hybrids. A portion of the 
