702 The American Naturalist. [August, 
of the coccus. The size of the cell diameter was 0.5 ». This 
organism received the name Microccus quadrigeminus. The 
literature on hand does not elucidate whether this bacterium 
had, by virtue of its characteristics, any diagnostic value." 
In 1883, C. Quist found that vaccine lymph could be artific- 
ally propagated in various nutritive media,” but such a dilu- 
tion of the lymph had nothing to do with the bacteria, so far 
as these experiments went. It is undisputable that Quist 
propagated the vaccine virus along with the dilution of the 
lymph; the preservation of the virus in glycerin and other 
media, as done by practitioners, is, therefore, in spite of Pfeiffer’s 
views, no simplification of Quist’s method, in as much as prop- 
agation and preservation of efficacy (life activity) are not abso- 
lutely identical. Small-pox is unquestionably a bacterial 
disease, and we know that bacteria can live without propagat- 
ing themselves; the ultimum temperature of propogation is 
' lower than that of life, in both directions from zero. 
Pfeiffer? found, in 1885, a sprouting fungus which he named 
Saccharomyces seu Cryptokokkus vaccine vaccarum. This fun gus 
is not very much different from the so-called Saccharomyces 
apiculatus, and is no Saccharomyces", as it belongs to the group 
Torula in the sense of Pasteur and Hansen. In small-pox 
lymph, I have occasionally met a Torula which corresponds to 
Hansen’s fifth species.” Pfeiffer’s fungus did not bear endo- 
spores, and has no causal relation to small-pox. This Torula 
as well as the saprophytic bacteria, and the animaleule which 
Pfeiffer reported from pustules will appear in many other 
eruptions and ulcerations. It appears that some of Pfeiffer’s 
16 Conf. Leeffler, Vorles. ueb. d. gesch. Entwickelung der Lehre von den Bak- 
terien I, 132, 1887. 
" Finska läk. sällsk. handlingar XXV, 271, 1883. XXV, 341, 1883. Berl. 
klin. Wochenschr., 1883, 811-813. Hygiea (Stockholm) XLVI, 194, 203, 1884. 
See also Medical News. 
18 Correspondenzblatt d. allgem. aertzi. Vereins von Thüringen., 1885. No. 3. 
Sep. 12 pp. ; 
See my paper in THE AMERICAN NATURALIST, XXVII, 685-696, 1893. 
? See Jærgensen, Micro-Organisms and Fermentation, 1893, p. 190, and Bay, 
Amer. Monthly Microscop. Journal, XV, 42; 1894. 
