1895.] The Affinities of the Lepidopterous Wing. 711 
ence of the stem of media (V) anywhere among the Lepidop-. 
tera is an indication of a generalized condition, as is the per- 
sistence of more than two anal veins in the hind wings. At 
_ the base of the principal descent lines of moths are found gen- 
eralized forms, their generalization indicated in their venation 
by the persistence of media (V) and often by the presence of 
three anal veins in the hind wings. But the specializing ten- 
; V3 vil, Vil, vmi Vile 
xr 
1x 
Fic. 2. Wings of Micropteryx sp. ; Fic. 3. Wings of Chrysophanus 
j.jugum. (After Comstock). thoe. (After Comstock). 
dency towards a cephalization of flight, resulting in a change 
from the racial sub-equality and importance of fore and hind 
wings to an inequality produced by a reduction of the hind 
wings has resulted in the loss (coalescence) among all living 
Lepidoptera, except the, genera Hepialus and Micropteryx, of 
the branches of radius in the hind wings. 
As pointed out by Prof. Comstock, the Jugate (Hepialus and 
Micropteryx) in this respect stand much nearer the racial lepi- 
dopteron than do any of the Frenatw. The striking resem- 
blance, then, of the jugate venation, standing, as it does, for 
the most generalized existing condition of lepidopterous vena- 
tion, to the trichopterous type of venation is significant. By 
an inspection of the figures, herewith presented, of the venation 
of Hepialus (see Fig. 1) and Micropteryx (see Fig. 2) with those of 
the venation of Newronia sp. (see Fig. 4) and of an undetermined 
