1895.] Of a New Classification of the Lepidoptera. 799 
Family Zygænidæ.—A nother group supposed by Spuler*(ven- 
ation) and also Chapman (pupa) to be closely related to the 
Tineoids is the Zygeenide, from which I should separate the 
Syntomide. The pupa of Zygæna is said by Dr. Chapman to 
possess “ ill-developed eye-collars (maxillary palpi),” and the 
dehiscence is typically incomplete. I have been unable in the 
specimen kindly given me by Dr. Chapman to detect the ill- 
developed eye-collar, but the cast pupa skins examined are not 
well preserved, and these pieces may be detected in living or 
alcoholic specimens. Comstock places the Zygeenina high up 
remote from the Tineina, but at present I am disposed to re- 
gard the Syntomide as a distinct group with a different origin, 
and more nearly related to the Arctiide. I fully agree with 
Chapman that Zygzena is near the Tineina; and I agree with 
Comstock that Triprocis and Pyromorpha have “ a remarkably 
generalized condition of wing-structure.” 
The true Zygenide form a side branch or somewhat paral- 
lel group. I should regard Ino (Triprocis) as a more general- 
ized genus than Zygena. Judging by the venation, Harrisina 
has undergone a little more modification than Ino. Pyromor- 
pha also seems rather more primitive than Zygeena. I see no 
reason for regarding Pyromorpha as the type of a distinct 
family. 
I have only the pup of Harrisina americana and of Zygena 
to examine, but judging by this scanty material, that of 
Harrisina seems to be the more generalized form, that of Zy- 
geena the more specialized. As Zygeena does not occur in 
America, but is Eurasian, it is possible that in its generalized 
Zygenid fauna America, as in other groups of animals, has 
lagged behind Europe, Zygeena with its numerous species be- 
ing a more advanced or specialized type brought into exist- 
ence by more favorable conditions. 
Origin of the Lithosiidæ.—It seems to me that the group of 
forms usually referred to the Lithosiidz but which are nearest 
to the Tineina, is that represented by Enemia (Eustixia, 
Mieza), Oeta and Tantura (Penthetria) as the imagines of these 
* Zur hee vi beast des Flügelgeaders der OPE Zeits. 
wissens. Zoologie, 
55 
