800 The American Naturalist. [September, 
genera, whether we consider the shape of the head and body, 
antenne and legs, or the venation and shape of the wings, are 
the nearest to the Tineidæ and appear to form a family of 
Tineoid moths. Indeed Enzemia is now referred to the Tineina 
of the family Hyponomeutide, and possibly the Lithosiide 
originated from this family or from a group standing between 
them and the Prodoxide. 
The pupe have the long narrow head and eyes of Tineina. 
The eye-collar is wanting, but vestiges of the labial palpi are 
present, and also vestiges of the paraclypeal pieces. Judging 
by the venation, Enemia is the more generalized, and Tan- 
tura the more modified genus. The pupa of Oeta aurea (fig. 
15) in the head characters is rather more generalized than 
that of Tantura, the labial palpi being a little larger and the 
base of the maxilla more flaring, as if forming rudimentary 
eye-collars or palpi, but the abdomen and its end ismuch more 
specialized than in Tantura, as it is long, slender, conical, 
and ends in a well developed cremaster provided with curved 
sete adapting it for retaining its hold in its slight cocoon. In 
general appearance and markings it is like a Geometrid pupa, 
having black longitudinal stripes. In the pupa of Tantura the 
shape of the abdomen is more generalized, there being no cre- 
master, but hooked sete enabling it to retain its hold within 
its beautiful loose, basket-like cocoon. 
It is probable that these genera descended from some broad- 
winged Tineid and possibly from the same stem-form as the 
Prodoxidie, as the venation is somewhat similar. Hypono- 
meuta and especially Argyresthia appear to be later, more spe- 
cialized forms. This group (Enemia, Oeta, and Tantura) 
almost directly intergrades, judging from the venation, with the 
Lithosiide, Byssophaga,Cisthene,and Crocota, connecting them 
with Lithosia; though the larve of the latter are much more 
specialized and arctiiform. Hence the line of descent from 
the generalized Tineina to Enemia, Oeta, Tantura, to the 
Lithosiide, and from them to the Arctiide, is more or less 
direct. It is interesting to note the gradual widening of the 
wings, especially the fore-wings, as we pass from Lithosia to 
Arctia, also to notice the gradual change in the larval and 
