820 The American Naturalist. [September, 
and effect, or only what logicians call a “ mere coincidence,” 
the fact remains that in Rome, Russia, France and England, 
political corruption, cruelty of government, sexual immorality 
—nay, downright, impudent, open, boastful indecency—have 
culminated, for the most part, in the eras of the influence of 
viragints on government, or over governors.” 
Viraginity has many phases. We see a mild form of it in 
the tom-boy who abandons her dolls and female companions 
for the marbles and masculine sports of her boy acquaintances. 
In the loud-talking, long-stepping, slang-using young woman 
we sée another form, while the square-shouldered, stolid, cold, 
unemotional, unfeminine android (for she has the normal 
human form, without the normal human psychos) is yet 
another. The most aggravated form of viraginity is that 
known as homo-sexuality ; with this form, however, this paper 
has nothing todo. Another form of viraginity is technically 
known as gynandry, and may be defined as follows: A victim 
of gynandry not only has the feelings and desires of a man, but 
also the skeletal form, features, voice, ete., so that the individ- 
ual approaches the opposite sex anthropologically, and in more 
than a psycho-sexual way (Krafft-Ebing). As it is probable 
that this form of viraginity is sometimes acquired to a certain 
extent, and that too, very quickly, when a woman is placed 
among the proper surroundings, I shall give the case of 
Sarolta, Countess V., one of the most remarkable instances of 
-gynandry on record. If this woman, when a child, had been 
treated as a girl, she would, in all probability, have gone 
through life as a woman, for she was born a female in every 
sense of the word. Ata very early age, however, her father, 
who was an exceedingly eccentric nobleman, dressed her in 
boy’s clothing, called her Sandor, and taught her boyish games 
and sports. 
“ Sarolta-Sandor remained under her father’s influence till 
her twelfth year, and then came under the care of her maternal 
grandmother, in Dresden, by whom, when the masculine play 
became too obvious, she was placed in an institute and made 
to wear female attire. At thirteen, she had a love relation 
with an English girl, to whom she represented herself as a 
