846 The American Naturalist. [September, 
X. (c)—The Brown Alge (Class 3, Phawophycee), Simple Fruit- 
tangles (Class 4, Coleochetew), Red Seaweeds (Class 7, Rhodophycee) 
and Stoneworts (Class 8, Charophycee). 
THE DEGENERATED PLANTS. 
XI. (a)—The Sac-Fungi (Class 5, Ascomycetes) Mildews, Truffles, 
Cup-fungi, Black Fungi, Rusts and Smuts. 
XII. (6)—The Higher Fungi (Class 6, Basidiomycetes), Puff-balls, 
Earth-stars, Bird’s-nest Fungi, Mushrooms, Toadstools and Pore-fungi. 
THE MOSSWORTS. 
XIII. The Liverworts (Class 9, Hepatiew) and the Mosses (Class 10, 
Musci). The undifferentiated plant-body; the Shoot with Stem and 
Leaves; Reproduction; Alternation of Generations. 
THE FERNWORTS. 
XIV. (a)—The Ferns (Class 11, Filicine), The prothallium ; 
antherids and archegones; fertilization; growth of the embryo; the 
leafy plant; spore-cases and spores; germination of the spores. Alter- 
nation of generations. Classification of ferns. 
XV. (6)—The Joint-rushes (Class 12, Equisetine). Comparison 
with ferns. The plant-body; spore-cases and spores. Extinct joint- 
rushes. The Lycopods (Class 13, Lycopediaceew). Comparisons with 
ferns and joint-rushes. The plant-body ; spore-cases and spores. Ex- 
tinct lycopods. 
THE NAKED-SEEDED PLANTS (Class 14, Gymnosperme). 
XVI. Cycads, present and past; Conifers (pines, spruces, firs, etc.), 
structure of the flowers, fertilization, cones and seeds. Relationship of 
gymnosperms to lycopods. 
THE COVERED-SEEDED PLANTS (Class 15, Angiosperme). 
XVII. (a)—The Flower (stamens, pistils, flower-leaves) ; fertiliza- 
tion ; fruits; seeds. 
XVIII. (6)—The lower group (Monocotyledons) ; cok sara ae ; 
lillies; aroids: palms ; grasses; irises; orchids, 
XVIII. (¢)—The higher group (Dicotyledons). 
XIX. (1)—Flowers with separate petals. Buttercups, mustards, 
pinks, mallows, geraniums, grapes, maples, roses, beans, myrtles, mel- 
ons, cactuses and umbelworts. 
XX. (2)—Flowers with united petals. Primroses, heaths, olives, 
gentians, phloxes, morning glories, figworts, mints, honeysuckles, bell- 
worts and sunflowers. 
