1895.] The Classification of the Lepidoptera. 1067 
sete, often not half of them. Probably they had become 
lost by attrition in the specimens drawn or possibly they 
were overlooked; but it is evident that any conclusions 
founded on these figures will require revision. Dr. Packard’s 
figure of the first stage of Hepialus mustelinus is drawn in such 
a position that the lateral sete do not show. I have, how- 
ever, received some of these larva from Dr. Packard (who has 
very kindly furnished me with valuable specimens of larvæ 
which I should not otherwise have seen); I am able, there- 
fore to present a more detailed drawing. (Fig. 1.) 
I have shown in other publications’ the general arrange- 
ment of the sete common to all Tineids, Tortricids and 
and other Microlepidoptera, and that the higher families, in- 
cluding the Noctuide, Sphingide and Butterflies are founded 
on the same type. The arrangement on the two last thoracic 
segments and on the abdomen is shown in Figure 5. This 
type includes what I call the subprimary sete, certain ones 
common to all the Microlepidoptera and the Noctuids and 
their allies, but absent in the newly hatched larva and also in 
the highest families. They are marked by an asterisk in the 
figure. Now, clearly, if Hepialus belongs where placed in the 
view advocated by Dr. Packard, that is to say among the 
lower “ Neolepidoptera,” it should possess the subprimary 
sete in the normal position. If, however, it belongs to a sep- 
arate suborder, as the Jugate in the view supported by Prof. 
Kellogg, it should not have them, and for this reason: the 
subprimary sete are not universal in the Frenatz, but exist 
in two of the superfamilies (of my arrangement), not in the 
three others. Now Hepialus, if of the rank of a suborder. 
should show the generalized characters of the other suborder 
without its special acquired characters which might appear in 
some of the superfamilies. Therefore, the subprimary sete 
should be absent, though this argument does not preclude the 
presence of other different subprimary setz, or of other pri- 
mary ones, not present in the Frenate. 
Figures 1 and 2 show Hepialus in Stage I and mature. 
The subprimary setæ are absent but on the thorax are a set of 
? Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., viii, 198; Trans. of the Same, xiv, 50, 1894-5. 
