GAME 201 



Obviously, they cannot be retained on ranges used by domestic livestock, 

 but reasonable provision for their preservation elsewhere is desirable. 



Upland birds and waterfowl are present in varying numbers according 

 to locality and environment. The list includes band-tailed pigeons, many 

 species of ducks and geese, several kinds of quail, mourning doves, several 

 species of grouse, wild turkeys, and many others less well known to the hunter 

 or the general public. The songbirds, hawks, owls, several kinds of jays, 

 herons, the swan, and hundreds of other species inhabit national forests and 

 deserve full consideration in the plans of management. 



The fishing resource of the national forests consists of more than 

 70,000 miles of fishing streams and many thousands of natural and artificial 

 lakes. The cold mountain lakes and clear, cold, fast-running streams of the 

 West; the slower but important fishing streams of the Southern and Central 

 States; the thousands of lakes and streams of the Lake States; the clear, cool 

 brooks of New England — all are represented on the national forests. They 

 provide the necessary habitat for a wide variety of fish and an opportunity 

 for millions to enjoy themselves. 



Decline and Restoration . . . Early American explorers and pioneers beheld 

 a remarkable profusion of wildlife at Plymouth Rock and the other eastern 

 ports-to-be. As they moved west and settled the Ohio and Mississippi 

 Valleys, the Lake States, the Great Plains, and California, they found the 

 same profusion. Only in parts of Utah and Nevada, the heavily timbered 

 country of north Idaho and eastern Montana, and a few other places was 

 any scarcity of game noted by the pioneers. Lewis and Clark recorded 

 surprise at the abundance of wildlife in most of the country crossed by their 

 expedition from St. Louis to the Pacific. The Hudson's Bay Co., the Astors, 

 and others built great fortunes from the exploitation of wildlife in the early 

 days. 



But as the frontiers were pushed westward, civilization and settlement 

 claimed for the plow and for domesticated livestock more and more of the 

 new land — most of it the choicest range for some species of wildlife. Many 

 species whose former habitat was on the plains, in low-lying valleys, or in 

 the foothills were pushed back and yet farther back into higher and more 



