CYPRINOIDEiE. 



115 



the tint of the sides gradually passing into the pearl-white of the belly. Dorsal and caudal 

 fins bluish-grey : pectorals and ventrals ochre-yellow tinged with red : anal flesh-red. Irides 

 saffron-yellow with pearly lustre. 



Intestines. — The intestinal canal, in its course from the gullet to the anus, makes four 

 convolutions and a half, and bears a proportion to the length of the fish, excluding the caudal 

 fin, of 50 to 18 : the proportions, however, vary a little in different individuals. At the com- 

 mencement of the canal there is a very short, thick, glandular oesophagus, succeeded by a 

 stomach whose diameter exceeds that of the rest of the intestine only so much as to leave a 

 gibbosity at what may be termed the pylorus, or first turn of the intestine. From this turn 

 the diameter of the gut, and tbe strength of its coats, diminish gradually : its inner mem- 

 brane forms delicate and minute longitudinal wrinkles, waved and indented into each other 

 in a very beautiful manner. There are no cceca. The lobes of the liver are numerous and 

 greatly involved in the folds of the intestine : the colour of the liver is pale. The gall-bladder 

 lies between the intestines and air-bladder : its duct enters the stomach within an inch of the 

 gullet : the bile is pale. The spleen is large and lies in a semicircular form round the exterior 

 convolution of the intestine. The air-bladder extends the whole length of the cavity of the 

 abdomen, and consists of two divisions, united by a very short tube which is bound to the 

 spine by a strong fold of peritonaeum : the upper division is the shortest, and is enveloped by 

 a remarkably thick, shining, white capsule, which adheres strongly at its upper end to the 

 spine and septum of the thorax : the bladder may be thrust from its capsule by a slight force. 

 The proper coats of tbe air-bladder are much thinner, but firmer and stronger than the cap- 

 sule. A small tube proceeds from the top of the lower division of the air-bladder, but its 

 termination was not traced. The kidneys, as long as the cavity of the abdomen, are connected 

 superiorly by a transverse lobe ; and the urinary bladder is a long tube whose calibre scarcely 

 exceeds the joint diameters of the ureters. The lining of the abdomen is white. Many small 

 parasitic worms were found attached by a kind of proboscis to the interior of the intestinal 

 canal. 











Dimensions. 













Inches. 



Lines. 





Inches. 



Lines 



Length from end of snout to tips of caudal 



21 



9 



Length of pectorals 



. 3 



2 



13 



JJ 



end of scales on ditto . 



. 18 



9 



Height of dorsal .... 



2 



2 



„ 



33 



beginning of anal 



15 



6 



Length of its attachment . 



. 3 







„ 



99 



first ray of ventrals 



. 10 



7 



„ ventrals . 



2 



2 





99 



ditto of dorsal 



9 







Depth of anal .... 



. 2 



11 



J? 



39 



edge of gill-cover 



. 4 







Length of its" attachment . . 



1 



4 



3) 



39 



nape .... 



3 



6 



Space between it and base of caudal . 



. 2 



1 



3) 



if 



centre of orbit 



. 2 



3 



Depth of body before dorsal . 



3 



7 



Breadth 



of 



Tape ..... 



2 



2 



Weight of recent fish 



. 51bs. 





Dr. Gairdner has forwarded to me from the Columbia and its tributaries several specimens 

 of a catastomus, which agrees both externally and internally with the preceding, except in the 

 belly being tinged with ochre-yellow. The stomach of one of them is filled with very young 

 shells, apparently of an Unio. There are from 74 to 77 scales on the lateral-line, 46 vertebrae 

 in the spine, and from 15 to 17 rays in the dorsal fin. 



Q 2 



