156 NORTHERN ZOOLOGY. 



when the mouth is open, but its tip is received within the intermaxillary teeth when the jaws 

 are closed. The lower jaw is about two lines shorter than the distance between the tip of the 

 snout and the nape. 



Teeth conical, acute, mostly pointing backwards, and placed in a single row on the 

 under jaw, edges of the palate-bones, and round the entire margin of the upper jaw, except 

 about half an inch of the lower extremity of the labials : those on the sides of the snout and 

 towards the tip of the lower jaw are a little longer than the others. There are two teeth on 

 the anterior part of the vomer, one before the other, and five on the tongue, two on one side 

 and three on the other. (In the head of the Scottish salmon, figured on plate 91, there is but 

 one tooth on the vomer and four on the tongue.) Neither the vomer or palate-bones rise into 

 ridges where the teeth are implanted, either in the American or European salmon, and there 

 are no small teeth on the tip of the tongue. 



Gill-covers. — The free edge of the gill-cover is semicircular, instead of being elliptical or 

 angled as in many species of trout. Preoperculum broad, being but little narrower in its 

 middle than the cheek, and more than half the width of the operculum : its posterior edge is 

 even, but there are five irregular, diverging, tubular prominences on the surface of its lower 

 limb. Operculum about one-fourth higher than broad, and marked on its posterior and inferior 

 borders with fine furrows. Suboperculum about one-third of the height of the operculum, but 

 equalling it in width. Interoperculum irregularly triangular, with a long narrow limb pass- 

 ing forwards beneath the preoperculum to the articulation of the lower jaw. Gill-rays twelve 

 on the left side and eleven on the right. 



Fins. — Dorsal containing thirteen rays, the first one being very short and with the second 

 closely applied to the third, which nearly equals the fourth and longest. The ventrals are 

 opposite to the ninth and three following rays of the dorsal. The anal contains ten rays, the 

 first one being very short. The adipose fin is partly opposite and partly posterior to the ter- 

 mination of the anal. The caudal is forked. 



A specimen of the Mingan River Salmon, prepared for me by Mr. dimming, corresponds 

 closely with the above description, except in the following particulars. Part of the snout 

 before the orbit proportionally longer. Vomer perfectly toothless — Ventrals rather more pos- 

 terior, being opposite to the three last rays of the dorsal. The adipose fin is also farther back, 

 being wholly behind the anal. The caudal is almost even at the end when extended, being 

 very slightly crescentic. The specimen has lost, most of its colours in drying, so that its 

 markings cannot be compared with the Quebec fish. 



The kindness of the same gentleman has also furnished me with two specimens of the 

 Musquaw River Salmon. — The largest has quite lost its colours and has been overstretched 

 in stuffing, so that the dimensions of its body cannot be quoted with safety, but in the relative 

 dimensions of the parts of its head it resembles the Quebec fish more closely than the pre- 

 ceding*. It has two teeth on the vomer, one before the other, and two on each side of the 



* On comparing the dimensions of the larger Musquaw River salmon with that of a prime Scottish one of the same 

 length in the subjoined table, the head of the former appears altogether smaller, but, as we have remarked above, the skin 

 may have been overstretched, and the total length consequently disproportionately increased. 



