162 



NORTHERN ZOOLOGY. 



which 30 are above the lateral line. The lateral line marked out by a small raised tube on 

 the anterior part of each scale, is equidistant from the dorsal and ventral fins. The anus is 

 situated at the commencement of the posterior third of the fish, caudal included. 









Dimensions. 











Inches. 



Lines. 







Inches. 



Lines 



Length from tip of snout to upper tipof caudal 



29 







Length 



of transverse axis of orbit 



. 



lOf 



yi 



„ base of central caudal rays . 



26 



6 



» 



lower jaw 



5 



4 



» 



„ commencement of dorsal . 



14 







!> 



toothed margin of ditto 



. 2 



5 



)> 



„ edge of suboperculum 



7 



a* 



:> 



attachment of dorsal 



3 



1 



>» 



„ nape .... 



4 



8 



?> 



longest ray of ditto . 



. 2 



10 



») 



„ base of snout . 



4 







» 



last ray of ditto . 



1 



84 



,, 



„ lower tip of labial . ,- 



5 







j» 



adipose fin . 



. 1 



2 



» 



„ centre of pupil . 



3 



8i 



»s 



pectorals . . 



3 



2 



') 



„ anterior edge of orbit 



3 



3 



J> 



ventrals 



. 2 



6 



>> 



from tip of lower jaw to lower tip of 







» 



ventral appendages 



1 



6 



caudal ...... 



28 



6 



» 



attachment of anal . 



. 2 



94 



>; 



„ base of central caudal rays 



26 







» 



longest ray of ditto . 



1 



H 



» 



„ anus .... 



19 







» 



last ray of ditto 



. 



101 



J! 



from centre of pupil to edge of gill- 







l> 



central ray of caudal 



1 



6 



covei 





3 



7 



» 



longest ray of ditto . 



. 3 



7 



jj 



from orbit to ditto 



3 



2 



)? 



lobes of ditto 



4 



6 



>> 



of intermaxillary .... 



2 



1 



Depth of caudal fork 



. 1 







it 



labial ..... 



3 



1 



Distance between anus and base of caudal 6 



2 



»> 



vertical axis of orbit . 







8 











The anadromous trout of the Columbia river are described by Lewis and Clark under the 

 names of the Common salmon, Red char, and Salmon-trout, which they state to be inhabitants 

 of both the seas and rivers. 



" The Common salmon are usually the largest, and weigh from five to fifteen pounds : they 

 extend themselves into all the rivers and little creeks of this side of the continent ( Pacific 

 coast), and to them the natives are much indebted for their subsistence. They begin to run 

 early in May. They are never caught with the hook, and we do not know on what they feed. 

 The body of the fish is from two and a half to three feet long, and proportionably broad : it is 

 covered with imbricated scales of a moderate size : the eye is large and the iris of a silvery 

 colour : the pupil is black, the rostrum or nose extends beyond the under jaw, and both jaws 

 are armed with a single row of long teeth, which are subulate and inflected near the extremi- 

 ties of the jaws, where they are also more closely arranged : there are some sharp teeth of 

 smaller size, and the tongue, which is thick and fleshy, is armed with sharp points : the fins 

 of the back are two ; the first, placed nearer the head than the ventral fins, has several rays ; 

 the second, situated far back near the tail, has no rays. Both the fins and the belly are some, 

 times red, particularly in the male. The flesh of this fish, when in order, is of a deep flesh- 

 coloured red, and every shade from that to orange-yellow ; when very meagre it is almost 

 white. The roes are in high estimation among the natives, who dry them in the sun, and pre- 

 serve them for a great length of time : they are of the size of a small pea, nearly transparent, 

 and of a reddish-yellow cast : they resemble very much, at a little distance, our common gar- 

 den currants, but are more yellow. 



"The Red char are rather broader in proportion to their length than the Common 



