258 NORTHERN ZOOLOGY. 



close to the upper lip, so as to be closed by the retraction of the jaws. The upper margin of 

 the mouth is formed entirely by the intermaxillaries, the labials lying in a membrane behind 

 them, and acting as a lever in aid of their protrusion. Under jaw longer than the upper one. 

 Teeth small, chisel-shaped, forming an even row on the intermaxillaries and lower jaw. 

 Tongue conical, blunt, and smooth. Palate also smooth. Five gill-rays, the interior one, 

 which is the smallest, being united to its fellow in the opposite membrane. The dorsal com- 

 mences above the centre of the orbit, and ends at the strap-shaped tail : it is highest in the 

 middle, thus having the form of an obtuse-angled triangle. The anal begins half an inch 

 behind the anus, and is similar in shape to the dorsal, with which its termination corresponds: 

 the two fins conjointly give a rhomboidal outline to the fish : their rays are simple but articu- 

 lated, and the membrane is scolloped between them : the central rays of both fins are two 

 inches long. There is a small spine at the beginning of the anal pointing forwards. The 

 ventrals, situated under the pectorals, contain six rays. Scales. — Skin of both sides of the body 

 studded with stellated, bony tubercles*. Colour of the upper side liver-brown without spots, 

 of the under surface white tinged with red towards the tail : the fins are reddish with broad 

 vertical black stripes. Length one foot. 



[104.] 2. Pleuronectes (Rhombus) glacialis. (Pallas?) Arctic 



Turbot. 



Genus, Pleuronectes. Linn. Sub-genus, Rhombus. Cuv. 



Pleuronectes glacialis. Pallas, Reise durch versch. Prov. des Rusck, 1772-73, p. 706 j- ? 



This fish was taken in Bathurst's Inlet, under similar circumstances with the 

 preceding. No specimens were brought home, and the description is too brief and 

 general to serve to identify the species completely. Unless Pallas has overlooked 

 the nearly hidden anal spine, ours is a different species from his. 



* Pallas describes these tubercles as follows : — " Tubercula omnia centro g/abrata, nine radiatim muricata, extimo spinulis 

 longioribus subradiantia.'' Tilesius calls them " tubercula stellala," " aculeato-slellata" or " slellulce aculeatw ,•" and Mr. 

 Collie, who observed the species in Awatska Bay, says that they are subpentagonal, set round with small blunt teeth. The 

 stomachs of the individuals he opened contained small fishes. The rays of the fins are counted as follows by the two 

 former authors. 



Rais.— Br. 3 ; D. 56 ; A.37 ; P. 12 ; V. 6 ; C. 18. Pallas. 

 6; 52; 40; 8; 6; 16. Tilesius. 



f Pallas's short description of his P. glacialis is as follows: — " Dodrantalis, facie Flesi. Oculi a latere dextro fusco, 

 subaspero ; Latus album laeve. Spinse nulls, nee ad pinnas, neque in linea laterali. Tractus capitis, pone oculos promi- 

 nulus, scaber, sed non in tubercula divisus. Radii medii pinnae dorsi anique a latere fusco quasi spinulis minutissimis 

 hispidati. Radii p. dorsi 56, ani 39. Frequens in oris arenosis Oceani glacialis." 



