CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN WHEAT VAPJET1ES. 5 



Villars, in 1787 {198), divided the common wheats into two species, 

 Triticum vulgare and T. touzelle. The latter consisted of awnless 

 wheat having white kernels. 



Desxontaines, in 1800 (79), established the species Triticum durum 

 for the group of wheats having long awns and long vitreous kernels. 



Host, in 1805 (119), described and named the species Triticum 

 compactum to include the club wheats and in addition recognized 

 10 other species of the genus Triticum. 



Seringe, in 1819 (174), arranged the common and club wheats 

 together into 10 groups based on lax or dense and awned or awnless 

 spikes, white or brownish kernels, and glabrous or pubescent glumes. 

 He listed varieties from Switzerland, France, Germany, and Eng- 

 land. 



Metzger, in 1824 (11$), at Heidelberg, followed essentially the 

 same system as Seringe, but in addition considered winter or spring 

 habit of growth. The 10 groups of Seringe were further subdivided, 

 making 18 groups. The kernels were described as white, yellow, and 

 reddish. 



Metzger, in 1841 (144), reedited his classification of 1824, making 

 some changes and adding more varieties. 



Seringe, in 1841 (175), published a revision of his previous work 

 of 1818, in w T hich he classified and partly described a large number 

 of varieties of wheat. 



Alefeld, in 1866 (35), classified the wheats into two genera and 

 species, Triticum vulgare and Deina polonica, The latter con- 

 tained four subspecies or varieties of Polish wheats, T. polonicum, 

 while the former was divided into many subspecies and varietal 

 groups containing all other species of Triticum. Each of these 

 was described in detail. 



Heuze. in 1872 (111), grouped the wheats into 7 species. He 

 listed 700 varietal names of wheat, 602 of which belonged to the 

 species Triticum sativum, which included both common and club 

 wheats. He described 47 varieties in this species, while the remain- 

 ing 555 names were considered as synonyms. 



Koernicke, in 1873 (132), and Koernicke and Werner, in 1885 

 (133), prepared the most complete classification of wheat yet pub- 

 lished. They followed Alef eld's system of applying Latin names to 

 the botanical groups. The groups keyed by them included 22 of 

 vulgare, 21 of compactum, 26 of turgidum, 24 of durum, 12 of spelta, 

 20 of ddcoccum, 21 of polonicum, and 4 of monococcum. Named 

 varieties included in each botanical group were described in detail, 

 and the history, synonyms, and source of each were given. Much 

 of this latter information had been published in the works of Alefeld 

 and Heuze. 



