CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN WHEAT VARIETIES. 81 



ing value is inferior to that of most soft red winter wheat varieties grown in 

 the United States. 



History. — This is an old English variety of undetermined origin. It is either 

 one of several different Squarehead types or the parent of the several types re- 

 cently developed in England and Sweden. Its cultivation in the United States 

 under the name Squarehead or English Squarehead is known to date only 

 from 1908, when the above-described wheat was brought from England by It. 

 Clanfield, of Ballston, Oreg. 



Distribution. — Grown as English Squarehead in Polk County, Oreg. 



Synonyms. — Big English, Clanfield, and English Squarehead. Big English 

 and Clanfield were reported by Hyslop (126, p. 674) as names used for Square- 

 head wheat in Oregon. English Squarehead is used to indicate that the variety 

 came from England. 



RED RUSSIAN. 



Description. — This variety differs from Squarehead only in being of shorter 

 stature and in having a denser and more clavate spike. Spikes, glumes, and 

 kernels of Red Russian are shown in Plate XVII, A. 



History. — This variety undoubtedly is of English origin and is, or is derived 

 from, the old Squarehead wheat. The origin of the variety, however, is unde- 

 termined. The name Red Russian seems to be used for the variety only in the 

 Pacific Northwest section of the United States. The variety was introduced 

 into the Palouse section of Washington about 1890 and 

 has always been best known there under the name Red 

 Russian (93, p. 5). 



Distribution. — Grown in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and 

 Washington. This distribution is shown in Figure 29. 



Synonyms.— Australian Club, Early Sunrise, Square- 

 head, German Red, Montana Deal, and Red Walla. 



Australian Club is used as a synonym for Red Russian 



in Lewis County, Wash. Early Sunrise and German FlG - 2 ?' — °^ line „ ma ? 

 t-> , , . , ,. \ ^ , „ ^ „■ , of the Pacific North- 



Red are names which, according to Prof. G. R. Hyslop, west) showing the dis . 



of the Oregon Agricultural College, have been used for tribution of Red Rus- 



Red Russian wheat in the State of Oregon. sian wheat in 1919. 



Squarehead is a name used for Red Russian wheat by Estimated area, 154,- 



j. 4- j.- • j- j. • j. « , * 90 ° acres, 

 experiment station agronomists to associate the wheat 



with the old and well-known Squarehead wheat of England, which it very 



closely resembles. Montana Deal is a name reported by J. W. Little, of Nezperce, 



Lewis County, Idaho, to be used as a synonym for Red Russian. Red Walla is a 



name sometimes used for the Red Russian variety in the Pacific Northwest, as 



it is the name of the subclass in which grain of the variety is marketed when sold 



under the United States Official Grain Standards. 



SOL. 



Description. — The Sol variety differs only slightly from Red Russian, but 

 has a slightly less clavate spike and longer and wider leaves, which are of a 

 darker green shade. 



History. — It was originated at the Svalof Plant-Breeding Station, Svalof, 

 Sweden, and it is said to have been derived from natural crossing, the parents 

 probably being Swedish Island and English Stand-Up (85, p. 13). It was first 

 put on the market by the Svalof Seed-Breeding Association in 1911. In the 

 United States the variety was distributed as Sun by Charles H. Lilly & Co., 

 seedsmen, of Seattle, Wash. 



95539°— 22— Bull. 1074 6 



