86 



BULLETIN 1074, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 



easily shattered; shoulders wanting to narrow, oblique; beaks wide, obtuse, 

 1 nun. long ; apical awns several, 1 to 10 mm. long ; kernels red, short to mid- 

 long, soft, ovate; germ midsized; crease narrow to midwide, shallow to mid- 

 deep ; cheeks usually rounded ; brush midsized, midlong. 



This variety is very distinct from Fultz in having very strong stems and 

 erect, dense, clavate spikes. 



Spikes, glumes, and kernels are shown in Plate XIX, B. 



History. — The origin of Fultzo-Mediterranean is not definitely known. 

 Many synonyms are used for the variety, one of which may be the original 

 name. The variety was first distributed as Fultzo-Mediterranean by Everitt's 

 O. K. Seed Store, Indianapolis, Ind., in 1898. The variety was evidently named 

 by that firm, and it is claimed by them to have originated from a cross between 

 Fultz and Mediterranean. The following statement concerning its origin was 

 made in their catalogue in 1899 {89, p. 8) : 



Maeeied. — Two Noble Old Families Joined in Wedlock — Mr. Fultz to Miss 

 Mediterranean. Their first-born is well named, Fultzo-Mediterranean. and is 

 a worthy offspring from Noble Stock. 



Fultzo-Mediterranean shows no indication of having been derived from 

 Mediterranean, although it has many of the characters of Fultz. Neither of 



the alleged parents has the clavate spike 

 of the Fultzo-Mediterranean. 



D istrtl) u tion. — Grown in Delaware, 

 Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Ken- 

 tucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, 

 Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Okla- 

 homa, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vir- 

 ginia, and West Virginia. The distribu- 

 tion is shown in Figure 32. 



Syiwyms. — Burrhead, Club, Club Head, 

 Columbia, Double Head, Duck Bill, Early 

 Ontario, Economy, Farmers Pride, Flat 

 Top, Four-Row Fultz, Harper, New Co- 

 lumbia, Scott's Squarehead, Square Head, 

 Square Top, and Stub Head. Of these, 

 the names Burrhead, Club, Club Head, 

 Double Head, Duck Bill, Flat Top, 

 Square Head, Square Top, and Stub 

 Head are names used for Fultzo-Medi- 

 terranean in several of the Eastern 

 States, particularly North Carolina, Vir- 

 ginia, and West Virginia. In that section it is often wrongly referred to as 

 Club wheat. The names Columbia and New Columbia are known to be old 

 names for the variety. In fact, the latter name was used for the variety by 

 Everitt in the same year he first distributed it as Fultzo-Mediterranean and 

 evidently also before that time, as the following quotation is from' the same 

 catalogue as the quotation given above : 



An Illinois production and first made public the year of the great World's 

 Fair. Too much can not be said in its praise for hardiness, vigorous growth, 

 and productiveness. In short, it has great merit and is entitled to be called our 

 national wheat, as it bears our national name. Smooth head, white chaff, 

 plump red grains. Wherever sown it makes friends. (89, p. 11.) 



New Columbia was reported grown in Illinois. Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, 

 North Carolina, Ohio, and Tennessee. 



Early Ontario is the name under which wheat similar to Fultzo-Mediterra- 

 nean was obtained from the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station in 1916. 



Fig. 32. — Outline map of a portion of 

 the eastern United States, showing the 

 distribution of Fultzo - Mediterranean 

 wheat in 1919. Estimated area, 287,900 

 acres. 



