118 



BULLETIN 1074, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Illini Chief is very similar to Red May, but differs slightly in being taller 

 and later. It was originally mixed with Jones Winter Fife and with pubescent 

 brown-glumed strains, most of which were heterozygous. Illini Chief is re- 

 ported to be very resistant to Hessian fly injury. 



Histot-y. — Illini Chief wheat was first distributed in the fall of 1915, by 

 E. L. Gillham, Edwardsville, 111. He advertised the variety as resistant to 

 Hessian fly, stating "that it does practically resist Hessian fly attack." (95.) 



Further history of Illini Chief wheat is recorded as follows : 



Ed. Gillham, who was the first man to grow the wheat, bought the seed nine 

 years ago from a neighbor by the name of Finley, and it is still known as 

 Finley wheat in Madison County (31, p. 5). 



Finley was reported in 1919 from Kansas, Missouri, and Ohio. The name 

 Finley was in use in the early eighties for an awnless variety with white, 

 glabrous glumes and red kernels (81, p. 29). This wheat apparently has now 

 gone out of cultivation. 



A second article in the Prairie Farmer by Dr. S. A. Forbes (90), State 

 Entomologist of Illinois, contains the following sentence : " Mr. Gillham has 



traced his original stock to an Ohio 

 farmer, who called it Early Carlyle." 

 No wheat was reported under this 

 latter name in the survey. 



Distribution. — Grown as Illini Chief 

 in Illinois and Missouri and as Finley 

 in Kansas and Ohio. 

 Synonyms. — Early Carlyle and Finley. 



RED CLAWSON (EAELY RED CLAWSON). 



Description. — Plant winter habit, 

 midseason, midtall ; stem purple, strong ; 

 spike awnless, oblong to linear clavate, 

 middense, erect to inclined; glumes 

 glabrous, brown, midlong, midwide; 

 shoulders midwide to wide, usually 

 square, sometimes rounded or oblique; beaks midwide, obtuse, 0.5 to 1.0 mm. 

 long ; apical awns few, 5 to 15 mm. long ; kernels pale red, midlong, soft, ovate 

 to elliptical ; germ small to midsized ; crease midwide, shallow to middeep ; cheeks 

 rounded to angular; brush midsized, midlong. 



Differs from Red May in being later and in having a slightly longer and more 

 clavate spike, narrower glumes, and a longer kernel. Spikes, glumes, and kernels 

 of Red Clawson wheat are shown in Plate XXX, A. 



History. — Red Clawson was originated in 1888 as the result of a cross between 

 Clawson, a white wheat, and Golden Cross, made by A. N. Jones, of Newark, 

 Wayne County, N. Y. (58). It was advertised and distributed by Peter Hender- 

 son & Co. (110), seedsmen, of New York City, as early as 1889. 



Distribution. — Grown in Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, 

 Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, 

 West Virginia, and Wisconsin. (Fig. 46.) 



Synonyms. — Clawson, Early Red Clawson, and Zeller's Valley. The name 

 Clawson properly is applied only to the white-kerneled wheat which was one 

 parent of the Red Clawson, but sometimes is used for Red Clawson. Zeller's 

 Valley is the name under which a sample of wheat nearly identical with Red 

 Clawson was obtained in 1919 from Sharpsburg, Md., where it was reported the 

 variety had been grown for 40 years. 



Fig. 46. — Outline map of the northeastern 

 United States, showing the distribution 

 of Red Clawson wheat in 1919. Esti- 

 mated area, 80,900 acres. 



