. 1887] The Significance of Sex. 31 
of it prepares us to understand the import of fertilization as a 
morphological problem. 
No one cell described in detail could be taken as “typical.” 
It would be as absurd as to describe a horse as a typical animal. 
But the horse has tissues which are similar to those of widely dif- 
ferent animals. So with protoplasm; it has a typical structure 
generally obtaining,—viz., zé zs reticulated. The reticulum is easily 
seen in “ multipolar” nerve-cells, but almost any cell, when 
properly treated, will reveal it. (See Figs. 1-13.) A coarse re- 
ticulum has its trabecule themselves more finely reticulated. 
The reason for this structure is obvious. The thin threads of 
protoplasm are bathed by the cell-sap (the exchylema), and so the 
processes of nutrition and of respiration take place with rapidity. 
In the protoplasmic reticulum two elements are distinguished,— 
the clear kyaloplasm, which serves as a matrix for granular bodies 
of various sizes,—the microsomata. The microsomata are formed 
by the growth or the fusion of exceedingly minute grains, to which 
the term granules may be restricted. Then in the nucleus, when 
the microsomata grow or fuse to a few larger bodies, they readily 
come to be designated xucleolit. So these terms simply refer to 
size and not to definite substances, for one and the same sub- 
stance occurs in all these forms, and there is every reason to 
believe that several different kinds of protoplasm occur in the 
form of these microsomata. 
Another distinction is also made in that the protoplasm outside 
the nucleus is called cytoplasm, and that forming the nucleus is 
the aryoplasm (nucleoplasm). From this we get the terms cyto- 
hyaloplasm, cytomicrosomata, cyto-cachylema, p siden soca 
and, correspondingly, karyo-hyalopl ), karyoso- 
mata, karenchyma. Chemically, the haryosomata contain “ nu- 
clein,” which is generally termed “ chromatin” because of its great 
affinity for “ stains.” Gaule believes that he can differentiate two 
constituents of the karyosomata and two of the cytoplasm. He 
restricts the term chromatin to a substance having most affinity 
for hematoxylin, and gives the term plasmosomata to those nucleoli 
that especially fix safranin. The microsomata of the deutoplasm 
are said to especially stain by eosin, while migrosin has a special 
affinity for ordinary protoplasm (cytaloplasm or cytosomata, he 
does not distinguish which). ae Figs. 49 a-h.) 
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