"e 
36 The Significance of Sex. [Jan. 
are derived by differentiation of this inmost substance. This 
idioplasm is continually throwing off centrifugally these sec- 
ondary substances, and the continued life of the cell depends on 
its integrity. Reproduction always means that a portion of this 
substance has been separated from the remainder, and so acts 
from a new centre. The secondary plasmas are mechanisms for 
effecting such separations, as well as organs for other purposes. 
Alt the biological mantfestations of cell-life are due to the activity 
of these organs. All the idioplasm does is to grow, by the growth 
and continual division of its gemmules, and to diferentiate, by 
organizing in various relations for the different organs, perhaps 
accompanied by the chemical degradation of the units. What 
the chemical processes are that take place in the idioplasm unit, 
by which it grows and reproduces, must be referred for discus- 
sion to the subject of Heredity. The above is not an explanation, 
but simply a statément of the facts of heredity, as we conceive 
them, in this connection. 
The forces active in the gemmule are, of course, the primary 
cause, and the reason for and explanation of the activities of the 
secondary plasmas, which activities are, as was said above, the 
phenomena studied in biology. 
We can understand, in this light, how we always have struc- 
tures and processes that obtain in one stadium of organization 
repeated in the higher, compound, or derived stadia. For this 
reason the nucleus is, when far enough developed, reticulated 
like the cell, and the nucleolus itself often repeats the structure. 
(See Figs. 2-13.) In the same way as we get three concentric 
structures simultaneously existing (Figs. 9, 13-15, 19-22, 26, 
32, 42, 44, 49, 50-64), we may have a quadruple condition (pre- 
senting one or more nucleoli in the nucleolus), seen in Figs. 13, 
26, J; 27, 33, 51, 53, 56, 58, 64; and possibly Fig. 56 is evidence 
_ of a quintuple state. The central body is always capable of 
generating the whole cell by a differentiation of its chromatin 
(see Fig. 49), and the central body of this new cell has like 
powers, and so on indefini 
We often have the TIG or the nucleolus dividing into parts 
that are of unequal value, thus giving chief and accessory nuclei 
=~ or nucleoli, as the case may be. (See Figs. 44, 49, 51, etc.) In 
~ thiscase the chief body only retains the reproductive function, 
ao and ee ae? seniasabe differentiated "e 
